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Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, a scale of minuscule particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10−7 meters. In comparison, traditional Li-Ion technology uses active materials, such as cobalt-oxide or manganese oxide, with particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometers (5000 and 20000 nanometers - over 100 times nanoscale). It is hoped that nano-engineering will improve many of the shortcomings of present battery technology, such as recharging time and battery 'memory'. Several companies are researching and developing these technologies. In March 2005, Toshiba announced〔http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2005_03/pr2901.htm〕 that they had a new Lithium-Ion battery with a nanostructured lattice at the cathode and anode that allowed the battery to recharge a surprising eighty times faster than previously. Prototype models were able to charge to eighty percent capacity in one minute, and were one hundred percent recharged after 10 minutes. When a traditional lithium-ion battery is charged too quickly, it creates a bottleneck in which the lithium moving through electrolyte liquid from the negative electrode to the positive backs up on the surface of the liquid. Under slower charging conditions, the lithium "hides" in void space and does not cause a problem. "Liquid electrolyte is unstable in the presence of metallic lithium and will cause all sorts of problems. That is why it is imperative to observe the slow-charging rate rule with lithium-ion batteries," Donald Sadoway, MIT professor of materials chemistry and an electrochemistry researcher, explained to TechNewsWorld. Sadoway said the consequences could be as severe as the battery exploding. ==Background== Nanobatteries are generally described by three sections * Anode * Cathode * Electrolyte In Lithium ion batteries the anode is almost always graphite, so most research is being done on the cathode and electrolyte materials. By reducing the size of the materials used in a nanobattery, higher conductivity can be reached, leading to an increase in power, in both charge and discharge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nanobatteries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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