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Nasīʾ ((アラビア語:النسيء); lit. "postponement") was an aspect of the calendar of pre-Islamic Arabia, mentioned in the Quran in the context of the "four forbidden months".〔De Blois, p. 260.〕 In pre-Islamic Arabia, the decision of "postponement" had been administered by the tribe of Kinanah,〔Moberg, p. 977.〕 by a man known as the ''al-Qalammas'' (pl. ''qalāmisa'').〔 "Postponement" related to the concept of intercalation, but it is uncertain whether it refers to a regular intercalary month necessary to a lunisolar calendar or if it refers to the practice of moving the main Meccan festival of Hajj relative to a purely lunar calendar to place it in a convenient season. Either view finds expression in Muslim historiography, e.g. al-Biruni supporting the lunisolar interpretation and Ibn Hisham the lunar one. == As postponement not related to a fixed calendar == Some scholars accept the tradition〔According to "Tradition", repeatedly cited De Blois〕 according to which the pre-Islamic calendar used in Central Arabia was a purely lunar calendar similar to the modern Islamic calendar.〔Mahmud Effendi (1858), as discussed in Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby, ''(Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars )'' (London: 1901), pp. 460–470. De Blois, p. 260; Moberg, p. 977.〕 In this case, ''Nasīʾ'' could not refer to intercalation in the usual sense. It is suggested, that it rather refers to a change in "the distribution of the forbidden months within a given year", because in a lunar calendar, dates will move across the solar year, and it might be convenient to move fixed dates of festivals or fairs relative to the lunar year to place them in a convenient season. This is the view expressed in the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', which concludes that :"The Arabic system of () can only have been intended to move the HAJJ and the fairs associated with it in the vicinity of Mecca to a suitable season of the year. It was not intended to establish a fixed calendar to be generally observed."〔The Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition, Index, p. 441〕 This interpretation is also supported by Arab historians and lexicographers, like Ibn Hisham, Ibn Manzur, and the corpus of Qur'anic exegesis. It is also corroborated by an early Sabaic inscription, where a religious ritual was "postponed" (''ns'ʾw'') due to war. According to the context of this inscription, the verb ''ns'ʾ'' has nothing to do with intercalation, but only with moving religious events within the calendar itself. The similarity between the religious concept of this ancient inscription and the Qur'an suggests that non-calendaring postponement is also the Qur'anic meaning of ''Nasīʾ''.〔 De Blois, p. 260.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nasi'」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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