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Nasreddin 〔Turkish: Nasreddin Hoca, , (ペルシア語:خواجه نصرالدین), (パシュトー語:ملا نصرالدین), (アラビア語:نصرالدین جحا) / ALA-LC: ''Naṣraddīn Juḥā'', / ALA-LC: , (ウズベク語:Nosiriddin Xo'ja), ''Nasreddīn Hodja'', Bosnian: Nasrudin Hodža, Albanian: Nastradin Hoxha, Nastradini, Romanian: Nastratin Hogea〕 was a Seljuq satirical Sufi, believed to have lived and died during the 13th century in Akşehir, near Konya, a capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, in today's Turkey. He is considered a populist philosopher and wise man, remembered for his funny stories and anecdotes.〔 He appears in thousands of stories, sometimes witty, sometimes wise, but often, too, a fool or the butt of a joke. A Nasreddin story usually has a subtle humour and a pedagogic nature. The International Nasreddin Hodja fest is celebrated between 5 and 10 July in his hometown every year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AkÅehir Belediyesi - Nasreddin Hoca ÅenliÄi )〕 ==Origin and legacy== Claims about his origin are made by many ethnic groups.〔İlhan Başgöz, ''Studies in Turkish folklore, in honor of Pertev N. Boratav'', Indiana University, 1978, p. 215. ("(Quelle est la nationalité de Nasreddin Hodja – est-il turc, avar, tatar, tadjik, persan ou ousbek? Plusieurs peuples d'Orient se disputent sa nationalité, parce qu'ils considerent qu'il leur appartient. )") 〕〔John R. Perry, "Cultural currents in the Turco-Persian world", in ''New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Majmu`ah-i Safaviyyah in Honour of Roger Savory'', Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-1-136-99194-3, (p. 92. )〕 Many sources give the birthplace of Nasreddin as Hortu Village in Sivrihisar, Eskişehir Province, present-day Turkey, in the 13th century, after which he settled in Akşehir,〔 and later in Konya under the Seljuq rule, where he died in 1275/6 or 1285/6 CE.〔〔 The alleged tomb of Nasreddin is in Akşehir〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aksehir - Nasreddin Hoca )〕 and the ''"International Nasreddin Hodja Festival"'' is held annually in Akşehir between 5–10 July.〔(Aksehir's International Nasreddin Hodja Festival and Aviation Festival – Turkish Daily News 27 Jun 2005 )〕 According to Prof. Mikail Bayram who made an extensive research on Nasreddin, his full name is Nasir ud-din Mahmood al-Khoyi, his title Ahi Evran (as being the leader of the ahi organization). According to him, Nasreddin was born in the city of Khoy in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran, had his education in Khorasan and became the pupil of famous Quran mufassir Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in Herat. He was sent to Anatolia by the Khalif in Baghdad to organize resistance and uprising against the Mongol invasion. He served as a kadı (an Islamic judge and ombudsman) in Kayseri. This explains why he addresses judicial problems in the jokes not only religious ones. During the turmoil of the Mongol invasion he became a political opponent of Persian Rumi. He was addressed in Masnavi by juha anecdotes for this reason. He became the vazir at the court of Kaykaus II.Having lived in numerous cities in vast area and being steadfastly against the Mongol invasion as well as having his witty character, he was embraced by various nations and cultures from Turkey to Arabia, from Persia to Afghanistan, and from Russia to China, most of which suffered from those invasions. As generations have gone by, new stories have been added to the Nasreddin corpus, others have been modified, and he and his tales have spread to many regions. The themes in the tales have become part of the folklore of a number of nations and express the national imaginations of a variety of cultures. Although most of them depict Nasreddin in an early small-village setting, the tales deal with concepts that have a certain timelessness. They purvey a pithy folk wisdom that triumphs over all trials and tribulations. The oldest manuscript of Nasreddin dates to 1571. Today, Nasreddin stories are told in a wide variety of regions, especially across the Muslim world and have been translated into many languages. Some regions independently developed a character similar to Nasreddin, and the stories have become part of a larger whole. In many regions, Nasreddin is a major part of the culture, and is quoted or alluded to frequently in daily life. Since there are thousands of different Nasreddin stories, one can be found to fit almost any occasion.〔Ohebsion, Rodney (2004) ''A Collection of Wisdom'', Immediex Publishing, ISBN 1-932968-19-9.〕 Nasreddin often appears as a whimsical character of a large Persian, Albanian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Judeo-Spanish, Kurdish, Romanian, Serbian, Russian, and Urdu folk tradition of vignettes, not entirely different from zen koans. 1996–1997 was declared International Nasreddin Year by UNESCO.〔(''"...UNESCO declared 1996–1997 the International Nasreddin Year..."'' ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nasreddin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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