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:''For the philosophy of perception called "naïve realism", see naïve realism.'' In social psychology, naive realism is the human tendency to believe that we perceive the world around us objectively, and that people who disagree with us are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased.〔 It has been described as a "systematic failure in perspective-taking," and a "kind of worldview or lay epistemology" that provides a theoretical basis for several cognitive biases, including the false consensus effect, actor-observer bias, bias blind spot, and fundamental attribution error.〔Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1996). Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding. In T. Brown, E. S. Reed & E. Turiel (Eds.), ''Values and Knowledge'' (pp. 103–135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕〔Griffin, D., & Ross, L. (1991). Subjective construal, social inference, and human misunderstanding. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), ''Advances in Experimental Social Psychology'' (pp. 319–359). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.〕 The term, as it is used in psychology, was coined by social psychologist Lee Ross and his colleagues in the 1990s.〔〔 It is closely related to the philosophical concept of naïve realism, which holds that our senses allow us to perceive external objects directly and without mediation. Naive realism has been referred to as one of "four hard-won insights about human perception, thinking, motivation and behavior that ... represent important, indeed foundational, contributions of social psychology." 〔Ross, L.; Lepper, M.; Ward, A., History of Social Psychology: Insights, Challenges, and Contributions to Theory and Application. In Fiske, S. T., In Gilbert, D. T., In Lindzey, G., & Jongsma, A. E. (2010). ''Handbook of Social Psychology''. ''Vol.1.'' Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.〕 It has been studied by several prominent social psychologists, including Lee Ross, Andrew Ward, Dale Griffin, Emily Pronin, Thomas Gilovich, Robert Robinson, and Dacher Keltner. == Tenets == Lee Ross and fellow psychologist Andrew Ward have outlined three lay assumptions, or "tenets," on which naive realism rests: # That I see entities and events as they are in objective reality, and that my social attitudes, beliefs, preferences, priorities, and the like follow from a relatively dispassionate, unbiased and essentially "unmediated" comprehension of the information or evidence at hand. # That other rational social perceivers generally will share my reactions, behaviors, and opinions—provided they have had access to the same information that gave rise to my views, and provided that they too have processed that information in a reasonably thoughtful and open-minded fashion. # That the failure of a given individual or group to share my views arises from one of three possible sources: (a) the individual or group in question may have been exposed to a different sample of information than I was (in which case, provided that the other party is reasonable and open minded, the sharing or pooling of information should lead us to reach an agreement); (b) the individual or group in question may be lazy, irrational, or otherwise unable or unwilling to proceed in a normative fashion from objective evidence to reasonable conclusions; or (c) the individual or group in question may be biased (either in interpreting the evidence, or in proceeding from evidence to conclusions) by ideology, self-interest, or some other distorting personal influence.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Naïve realism (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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