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Nağaybäk
Nağaybäk〔Alternative spelling: Nagaibaq, Nagaybaq, Naghaibak, Naghaibaq. - J. S. Olson et al. (1994). ''An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires'' (ed. by J. S. Olson et al., 1994, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-27497-5. p. 497.〕 (pronounced (:nʌɣɑɪbæk); ''plural'' Nağaybäklär; (ロシア語:Нагайбаки)) are an ethnoconfessional group in Russia. They are Christian descendents of Volga Tatars (distinct from Keräşens, another Christian Tatar group), and former cossacks of the Orenburg Host.〔Tishkov, V. A. (editor), D. M. Iskhakov (article author) (1994). ''Народы России. Энциклопедия (Narody Rossii. Encyclopedia) (in Russian)''. Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Encyclopedia. ISBN 5-85270-082-7. p. 238.〕 The majority of the Nağaybäks live in Nagaybaksky and Chebarkulsky Districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast.〔 They speak a sub-dialect of Tatar language's Middle dialect.〔 Russian and Tatar historians usually treat the Nağaybäks as an integral part of Volga Tatars; a minority considers Nağaybäks a separate ethnicity in their own right.〔 During the 1989 and 2002 censuses, 11,200〔 and 9,600 people identified themselves as Nağaybäks.
==Origin==
The origins of the Nağaybäks are unclear. One theory places the Nağaybäks as an offshoot of the Nogais.〔 Other accounts claim that they are Kazan Tatars baptized after the fall of Kazan Khanate.〔 The most plausible theory, according to the 1994 Russian encyclopedia, says that the ancestors of the Nağaybäks traditionally lived in central districts of the Khanate, east of Kazan, and most likely descended from Nogay and Kipchak people.〔 In the 18th century they also assimilated a small group of Christians from Iran and Central Asia.〔"62 male christians (Persians, Arabs, Bukharans, Karakalpaks)" - Tishkov, Iskhakov (1994), p. 238.〕
The most popular theory in Tatarstan is that they were Serving Tatars from Kazan Khanate that were forcibly baptized by Ivan IV and relocated to the border between nomad Bashkirs, that were already incorporated to Russia and nomad Kazakhs as border keepers. Yet another theory says that the Nağaybäks were tatarized Finno-Ugric peoples that kept the Kazan Khanate's borders.
Demonym ''Nağaybäk'' emerged in written sources only in the 19th century although a fringe theory asserts its existence as far as the 17th century.〔 The village of Nagaybak, which gave name to present-day Nagaybaksky District, is known since the 1730s.〔
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