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Neophobia, cainotophobia or cainophobia is the fear of anything new, especially a persistent and abnormal fear. In its milder form, it can manifest as the unwillingness to try new things or break from routine. Mild manifestations are often present in young children (who want the small portion of the world that they "know" to remain constant) and elderly people (who often cope using long established habits and don't want to learn "new tricks"). But neophobia could also be fear of losing what one has -- e.g., the fear that if anything changes, one might never be happy again. In biomedical research, neophobia is often associated with the study of taste. Food neophobia is an important concern in pediatric psychology. Norway rats and house mice are thought to have evolved increased levels of neophobia as they became commensal with humans because humans were routinely devising new methods (e.g., mousetraps) to eradicate them.〔Meddock, T. D., and D. R. Osborn III. 1968. Neophobia in wild and laboratory mice. Psychonomic Science 12:223-??.〕 Neophobia is also a common finding in aging animals, although apathy could also explain, or contribute to explain, the lack of exploratory drive systematically observed in aging. Researchers argued that the lack of exploratory drive was likely due neurophysiologically to the dysfunction of neural pathways connected to the prefrontal cortex observed during aging. Robert Anton Wilson theorized in his book ''Prometheus Rising'' that neophobia is instinctual in people after they begin to raise children. Wilson's views on neophobia are mostly negative, believing that it is the reason human culture and ideas do not advance as quickly as our technology. His model includes an idea from Thomas Kuhn's ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions'', which is that new ideas, however well proven and evident, are implemented only when the generations who consider them "new" die and are replaced by generations who consider the ideas accepted and old. The word ''neophobia'' comes from the Greek νέος, ''neos'', meaning "new, young",〔(νέος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 and φόβος, ''phobos'', for "fear".〔(φόβος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 ''Cainophobia'' comes from the Greek καινός, ''kainos'', meaning "new, fresh".〔(καινός ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕〔(Cainophobia ), Dictionary.com〕 ==Food neophobia== Food neophobia is the fear of eating new or unfamiliar foods. It differs from selective eating disorder. Food neophobia is particularly common in toddlers and young children. It is often related to an individual’s level of sensation-seeking, meaning a person’s willingness to try new things and take risks. (See Sensation-seeking.) Not only do people with high food neophobia resist trying new food, they also rate new foods that they do try as lower than neophilics. It is very typical for people to generally have a fear of new things and to prefer things that are familiar and common. Most people experience food neophobia to a certain extent, though some people are more neophobic than others. A measure of individual differences in food neophobia is the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), which consists of a 10-item survey that requires self-reported responses on a seven-point Likert scale. There is also a separate scale geared towards children called the Food Neophobia Scale for Children (FNSC), in which the parents actually do the reporting for the survey. Food neophobia relates to the Omnivore’s Dilemma, a phenomenon that explains the choice that omnivores, and humans in particular, have between eating a new food and risking danger or avoiding it and potentially missing out on a valuable food source. Having at least some degree of food neophobia has been noted to be evolutionarily advantageous as it can help people to avoid eating potentially poisonous foods. Food neophobia differs from picky or “fussy” eating in that picky eaters will often reject familiar foods as well as unfamiliar foods, whereas food neophobia signifies rejecting only unfamiliar foods. Also, while food neophobic individuals will often accept novel foods after repeated exposure to them, picky eaters will continue to reject them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neophobia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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