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Neottia
''Neottia'' is a genus of orchids. The genus now includes the former genus ''Listera'', commonly known as twayblades referring to the single pair of opposite leaves at the base of the flowering stem. The genus is native to temperate, subarctic and arctic regions across most of Europe, northern Asia (Siberia, China, the Himalayas, Central Asia, etc), and North America, with a few species extending into subtropical regions in the Mediterranean, Indochina, the southeastern United States, etc.〔〔(Flora of North America, v 25, p 586, ''Listera'' R. Brown, Hortus Kew. 5: 201. 1813. )〕〔(Flora of China v 25 p 184, 鸟巢兰属 niao chao lan shu, ''Neottia'' Guettard, Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4°) 1750: 374. 1754. )〕〔Bateman, R.M. (2009). Evolutionary classification of European orchids: the crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 41: 243-318.〕〔Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2006). Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 1-672. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.〕
''Neottia'' produces a racemose inflorescences with flowers in shades of green or dull pink through to maroon and purple. The lip of each flower is prominently forked or two-lobed. Some species (those which were previously the only members of the genus ''Neottia'' in the strict sense, such as the bird's-nest orchid, ''Neottia nidus-avis'') are completely without chlorophyll and have leaves which are reduced to scales.
==Description==
''Neottia'' is a genus of relatively small terrestrial orchids. Some (the former genus ''Listera'') have chlorophyll and are hence gaining their energy from photosynthesis. Others (the formerly narrowly defined genus ''Neottia'') lack chlorophyll and are dependent on fungi for their nutrition (mycotrophic). The flowering stem has a number of greenish or brownish bracts at the base. In the photosynthetic members of the genus there are also two more-or-less opposite green leaves (very rarely more than two in ''Neottia ovata''). The flowers are individually small, in shades of green, yellow, brown or red to purple. The lip is usually much larger than the other five tepals, and is almost always deeply divided into two lobes at the end.〔 The other five tepals may form a loose hood.〔 The pollinia are not stalked.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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