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Newhaven is a town in the Lewes District of East Sussex in England.〔OS Explorer map Eastbourne and Beachy Head Scale: 1:25 000. Publisher:Ordnance Survey – Southampton B2 edition. Publishing Date:2009. ISBN 978 0319240823〕 It lies at the mouth of the River Ouse, on the English Channel coast, and is a ferry port for services to France. ==Origins== Newhaven lies at the mouth of the River Ouse, in the valley the river has cut through the South Downs. Over the centuries the river has migrated between Newhaven and Seaford in response to the growth and decay of a shingle spit (shoal) at its mouth. There was a Bronze Age fort on what is now Castle Hill.〔(Newhaven Fort - History )〕 In about 480 AD,〔(History of Meeching )〕 the Saxon people established a village near where Newhaven now stands, which they named "Meeching" (variously known as "Myching" or "Mitching").〔(Newhaven, A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7, L. F. Salzman (editor), retrieved 28 October 2009 )〕 Throughout the Middle Ages, the main outlet and port of the Ouse was at Seaford (one of the Cinque Ports). The growth of the shingle spit hindered the outflow of the river, which consequently flooded the Levels upstream and hindered access to the port. Therefore, a channel through the shingle spit was cut in the mid-16th century below Castle Hill, creating access to a sheltered harbour, better than that at Seaford.〔〔Brandon, P. and Short, B., 1990: The South-East from AD 1000. Longman.〕 This was the origin of modern Newhaven. However, shingle continued to accumulate and so the mouth of the Ouse began to migrate eastwards again. Under the Ouse Navigation Act (1790), a western breakwater was constructed to arrest longshore drift and so cut off the supply of shingle to the spit.〔Woodcock, A., 2003: The archaeological implications of coastal change in Sussex. pp1-16 in Rudling, D., (ed.), The Archaeology of Sussex to AD2000. Heritage, University of Sussex.〕 A new outlet (The Cut) was built on the river's present course, below Castle Hill. At that time the settlement began to be known as the "new haven". The present breakwater was built in 1890.〔 It was part of the Holmstrow hundred until the abolition of hundreds in the 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newhaven, East Sussex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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