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The Tibetan term Ngöndro (,〔Dharma Dictionary (2008). ''Preliminary Practices (sngon 'gro)''. Source: () (accessed: January 29, 2008)〕 pronounced "ngöndro" and known in Sanskrit as pūrvaka〔Source: () (accessed: Thursday February 4, 2010)〕〔Dharma Fellowship (2009). ''The Way of the Yogi''. Source: () (accessed: Thursday February 4, 2010)〕) refers to the preliminary, preparatory or foundational practices or disciplines (Sanskrit: sādhanā) common to all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and also to Bon. They precede the Generation stage and Completion stage. The term ''ngöndro'' literally denotes meanings in the range of "something that goes before, something which precedes."〔Rangjung Yeshe Tibetan-English Dictionary of Buddhist Culture. Source () (accessed: June 17, 2008),〕 The preliminary practices establish the foundation for the more advanced and rarefied Vajrayana sādhanā which are held to engender realization and the embodiment of Dzogchen. Nevertheless, Vajrayana masters are careful to point out that "foundational" does not mean "lesser", that the practice of Ngöndro is a complete and sufficient practice of the spiritual path, and that it can take the practitioner all the way to full enlightenment. In addition to what is generally denoted by the term ''ngöndro'', preparatory practices may also be prescribed for senior and advanced sadhana, e.g.: "differentiating saṃsāra and nirvāṇa" () is the preparatory practice of Kadag Khregschod or "cutting through to primordial purity." == History == The use of the practices of Vajrasattva, Mandala offering and Guru Yoga as preliminaries to the practice of anuttarayogatantra sadhanas was well established in India. In Tibet, the tradition came to include prostration practice and the accumulation of large numbers of each practice. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ngöndro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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