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Wanyan Nianhan (完颜粘罕; Wade-Giles, Wan-yen Nien-han), later known by his Chinese name, Zonghan (宗翰) (1080–1136)〔The death date, 1136, as per Tao (1976), p. 35.〕 was one of the top military commanders of the Jurchen people both during their pre-imperial and early Jin Empire period. ==Biography== Wanyan Nianhan was a son of Wanyan Sagai (完颜撒改) and great-grandson of the Wanyan tribe chieftain, Wanyan Wugunai. This made him a close relative of the Wanyan Aguda - the Wanyan chieftain in the early 12th century, and the future founder of the Jin Empire, who was a cousin of Sagai and grandson of Wugunai.〔Tao (1976), genealogical chart on p. 26.〕 Nianhan was one of the chief associates of Wanyan Aguda in his rebellion against the Liao Dynasty (1114) and the ensuing war that destroyed the Liao.〔Franke 1997(I), p. 154〕 Under Aguda's successor, Wanyan Wuqimai (r. 1123-1134), Nianhan played a major role in the wars against the Song Dynasty. During the campaign of 1125-1126, he was the "left vice-marshal": the commander the Western Army of the Jurchen, which invaded Shanxi and besieged Taiyuan, while the Eastern Army, led by the "right vice-marshal" Wanyan Wolibu (完颜斡离不; Chinese name Wanyan Zongwang 完颜宗望) was besieging Bianjing (Kaifeng).〔Tao (1976). Pages 20-21.〕 When the war against the Song Dynasty resumed in 1126, Nianhan, who had taken Taiyuan, joined Wolibu at the walls of Bianjing. Together the two armies sieged the Song capital city for a month, took it on January 9, 1127, captured the Song emperors, and returned to the Jin capital in Manchuria with their prisoners and loot.〔 Nianhan continued to be influential throughout Wuqimai's rule. He, along with Wanyan Xiyin, was instrumental in persuading Wuqimai to bequeath the Jin throne to Aguda's son Dan, rather than to Wuqima's own son Puluhu (Zongpan).〔Tao (1976). Page 37.〕 Like other top Jurchen generals, during Wuqimai's reign Nianhan was able to run a portion of the empire as a semi-independent warlord, running his own government in Shanxi. However, he lost his military power during Wanyan Dan's drive to centralize the control of the empire in the hands of the central bureaucracy, and in 1135 was transferred to a position in the central government.〔Tao (1976). Pages 41, 139 (note 41).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wanyan Nianhan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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