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Niftawayh
Abu Abdillah Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin 'Urfah bin Sulaiman bin al-Mughira bin Habib bin al-Muhallab bin Abi Sufra al-Azdi, better known as Niftawayh, was a Medieval Muslim scholar. He was considered to be the best writer of his time,〔Al-Masudi's The Meadows of Gold, translated by Aloys Sprenger. Vol. 1, pg. 20. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by W.H. Allen and Co. (now Virgin Books), Leadenhall Street, and B. Duprat, Paris. Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis. London: Garrison and Co. Printers, St. Martin's Lane.〕 in addition to an expert in Muslim prophetic tradition and comparative readings of the Qur'an.〔Bencheikh, Omar. (Nifṭawayh ). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Accessed 1 January 2013.〕
==Life==
Niftawayh was born in Wasit in what is now Iraq.〔Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Institut de France and Royal Library of Belgium. Vol. 1, pg. 26.〕 His date of birth is most commonly held to be 858, though the year 864 has been suggested as well.〔Ibn Khallikan, vol. 1, pg. 27〕 He spent most of his life in Baghdad, where he died on a Wednesday in the month of Safar just an hour after sunrise in the year 935.〔Devin J. Stewart, "Muhammad b. Dawud al-Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence." Taken from Studies in Islamic Law and Society Volume 15: Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Edited by Bernard G. Weiss. Pg. 114. Leiden: 2002. Brill Publishers.〕 He was buried at the gate of Kufa the next day.〔 His date of death carries some dispute as well, with some historians suggesting that he died in the year 936 on the same day as Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid.
He taught lexicography while in Baghdad.〔〔John A Haywood, ''Arabic Lexicography''. Leiden: 1965. Page 57. Brill Publishers.〕 He wrote a history book which, according to his student Al-Masudi, was considered to be one of the most useful of the time.〔
Interestingly enough, Ibn Khalawayh holds that Niftawayh was the only Muslim scholar with the first name Ibrahim who had a son named Abdullah.〔 According to Tha'ālibī, Niftawayh was called as such due to two facts. First, his knowledge of the Arabic language was unparalleled in his time, as was Sibawayh's during his. Niftawayh possessed an intense interest in Sibawayh's works in grammar, to the point where the former was even referred to as the latter's son.〔 Second, his complexion was of a very dark color and his appearance was compared to asphalt, known as "nift."〔 Thus, the words "nift" and "wayh" were combined and he was known as "Niftawayh al-Nahwi," or Niftawayh the grammarian.
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