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Nihon-shiki or Nippon-shiki Rōmaji ((日本語:日本式ローマ字), "Japan-style"; romanized as ''Nihon-siki'' or ''Nippon-siki'' in Nippon-shiki itself) is a romanization system for transliterating the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet. In discussion about romaji, it is abbreviated as Nihon-shiki or Nippon-shiki. Among the major romanization systems for Japanese, Nippon-shiki is the most regular, and has a one-to-one relation to the kana writing systems. In practice, Nippon-shiki has been largely supplanted by Hepburn romanization. ==History== It was invented by physicist Aikitsu Tanakadate (田中館 愛橘) in 1885,〔Gottlieb, p. 78〕 with the intention to replace the Hepburn system of romanization.〔Kent, et al. "Oriental Literature and Bibliography." p. (155 ).〕 Tanakadate's intention was to completely replace the traditional kanji and kana system of writing Japanese with a romanized system, which he felt would make it easier for Japanese people to compete with Western countries. Since the system was intended for Japanese people to use to write their own language, it is much more regular than Hepburn romanization, and, unlike Hepburn's system, it makes no effort to make itself easier to pronounce for English speakers. Nippon-shiki was followed by Kunrei-shiki, which was adopted in 1937 after a political debate over whether Nihon-shiki or Hepburn-shiki should be used by the Japanese government.〔 Kunrei is otherwise nearly identical, but it merges the syllable pairs di/zi ぢ/じ, du/zu づ/ず, dya/zya ぢゃ/じゃ, dyu/zyu ぢゅ/じゅ, dyo/zyo ぢょ/じょ, wi/i ゐ/い, we/e ゑ/え, kwa/ka くゎ/か, gwa/ga ぐゎ/が, whose pronunciations in modern standard Japanese have become identical. For example, the word かなづかい, rendered ''kanadukai'' in Nippon-shiki, is pronounced as ''kanazukai'' in modern Japanese and romanized as such in Kunrei. Nippon-shiki is considered the most regular of the romanization systems for the Japanese language, because it maintains a strict "one kana, two letters" form. Because it has unique forms corresponding to each of the respective pairs of ''kana'' homophones listed above, it is the only formal system of romanization that can allow (almost) lossless ("round trip") mapping, but the standard does not mandate the precise spellings needed to distinguish ô 王/おう, ou 追う/おう and oo おお. (See the hiragana article for more details.) Nippon-shiki has been established by the International Organization for Standardization in the ISO 3602 strict form. The JSL system, which is intended for use instructing foreign students of Japanese, is also based on Nippon-shiki. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nihon-shiki romanization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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