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Nineveh ( or ; ) was an ancient Mesopotamian city located in modern day Iraq; it is on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. It was the largest city in the world for some fifty years until, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria itself, it was sacked by an unusual coalition of former subject peoples, the Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Chaldeans, Scythians and Cimmerians in 612 BC. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, in the Ninawa Governorate of Iraq. The two main tells, or mound-ruins, within the walls are Kouyunjik (Kuyuncuk), the Northern Palace, and Tell Nabī Yūnus. ==Name== The English placename Nineveh comes from Latin ''ラテン語:Ninive'' and Septuagint Greek ''Nineyḗ'' () under influence of the Biblical Hebrew ''Nīnewēh'' (),〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 3rd ed. "Ninevite, ''n.'' and ''adj.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013.〕 itself from the Akkadian ' ( ''Ninâ'')〔.〕 or Old Babylonian '.〔 The original meaning of the name is unclear, but may have referred to a patron goddess. The cuneiform for ''Ninâ'' is a fish within a house (cf. Aramaic ''nuna'', "fish"). This may have simply intended "Place of Fish" or may have indicated a goddess associated with fish or the river itself, possibly originally of Hurrian origin.〔 The city was later said to be devoted to "the Ishtar of Nineveh" and ''Nina'' was one of the Babylonian names of that goddess.〔 The city was also known as ''Ninii''〔.〕 or ''Ni''〔.〕 in Ancient Egyptian; ''Ninuwa'' in Mari;〔 ''Ninawa'' in Aramaic;〔 in Syriac; and ''Nainavā'' () in Persian. ''Nabī Yūnus'' is the Arabic for "Prophet Jonah". ''Kouyunjik'' was, according to Layard, a Turkish name, and it was known as ''Armousheeah'' by the Arabs,〔Layard, 1849, p.xxi, "...called Kouyunjik by the Turks, and Armousheeah by the Arabs"〕 and is thought to have some connection with the Kara Koyunlu dynasty.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nineveh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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