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Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community. The term ''nirgrantha'' "bondless" was used for Jain monks in the past. Digambaras use the word ' for male monastics and ''aryika'' for female monastics. Śvētāmbaras use the word ''sadhvi''s for female monastics.〔〔 Another ancient term, ''samaṇa'' "striver", is used mainly by the Sthānakavāsī. The monastic practises of two major sects ''Digambara'' and ''Śvētāmbara'' sect vary greatly but the main principles of both the sects are same. ==Vows== Five ''Mahavratas'' (great vows) are followed by the Jain ascetics of all the sects as they emerge from the teachings of Mahavira. Jain householders are also required to observe these five vows but ascetics are required to observe them in strictest sense. These five maha-vratas are:〔Pravin Shah, (Five Great Vows (Maha-vratas) of Jainism ) Jainism Literature Center, Harvard University Archives (2009)〕 # Ahimsa (Nonviolence)- Not to hurt any living being by actions and thoughts. # Satya- Not to lie in any circumstances. # Asteya- Not to take anything if not given. # Brahmacharya- Celibacy in action, words & thoughts. # Aparigraha- Complete detachment from material property. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jain monasticism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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