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Nitrene
In chemistry, a nitrene (R-N:) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene. The nitrogen atom has only 5 valence electrons and is therefore considered an electrophile. A nitrene is a reactive intermediate and is involved in many chemical reactions.〔W. Lwowski, Ed. Nitrenes. (1970). Interscience. New York〕〔C. Wentrup. Reactive Intermediates. (1984). Wiley. New York〕
==Electron configuration==
In the most simple nitrene, the linear imidogen (:N-H), two of the 6 available electrons form a covalent bond with hydrogen, two other create a free electron pair and the two remaining electrons occupy two degenerate p orbitals. Consistent with Hund's rule the low energy form of imidogen is a triplet with one electron in each of the p orbitals and the high energy form is the singlet state with an electron pair filling one p orbital and the other one vacant.
As with carbenes, a strong correlation exists between the spin density on the nitrogen atom which can be calculated in silico and the zero-field splitting parameter D which can be derived experimentally from electron spin resonance.〔''Nitrenes, Diradicals, and Ylides. Ring Expansion and Ring Opening in 2-Quinazolylnitrenes''David Kvaskoff, Pawel Bednarek, Lisa George, Kerstin Waich, and Curt Wentrup J. Org. Chem.; 2006; 71(11) pp 4049 - 4058; (Article) 〕 Small nitrenes such as NH or CF3N have D values around 1.8 cm−1 with spin densities close to a maximum value of 2. At the lower end of the scale are molecules with low D (< 0.4) values and spin density of 1.2 to 1.4 such as 9-anthrylnitrene and 9-phenanthrylnitrene.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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