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Nitrophenols are a family of nitrated phenols with the formula HOC6H4NO2. Three isomeric nitrophenols exist: * ''o''-Nitrophenol (1-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzene; OH and NO2 groups are neighboring; CAS number: 88-75-5), a yellow crystalline solid (m.p. 46 °C). * ''m''-Nitrophenol (1-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene, CAS number: 554-84-7), a yellow solid (m.p. 97 °C) and precursor to the drug mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid). * ''p''-Nitrophenol (1-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzene, CAS number: 100-02-7), yellow crystals (m.p. 114 °C). It is a precursor to the rice herbicide fluorodifen and the pesticide parathion. The nitrophenols are produced industrially by the reaction of chlorides with sodium hydroxide at temperatures around 200 °C. The mononitrated phenols are often hydrogenated to the corresponding aminophenols that are also useful industrially.〔Gerald Booth "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic" in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" 2007; Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 ==Di- and trinitrophenols== 2,4-Dinitrophenol (m.p. 83 °C) is a moderately strong acid (pKa = 4.89). 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is better known as picric acid, which has a well-developed chemistry. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nitrophenol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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