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Nitzavim
Nitzavim, Nitsavim, Nitzabim, Netzavim, or Nesabim ( — Hebrew for "ones standing," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 51st weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the eighth in the book of Deuteronomy. It constitutes
Jews generally read it in September or, rarely, early October, on the Sabbath immediately before Rosh Hashanah.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=September 12, 2014 )〕 The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In some leap years (for example, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, and 2025), Parashah Nitzavim is read separately. In common years (for example, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2024, 2026, and 2027), Parashah Nitzavim is combined with the next parashah, Vayelech, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed. The two Torah portions are combined except when two Sabbaths fall between Rosh Hashanah and Sukkot and neither Sabbath coincides with a Holy Day.〔W. Gunther Plaut. ''The Torah: A Modern Commentary'', page 1553. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1981. ISBN 0-8074-0055-6.〕 In the standard Reform prayerbook for the High Holy Days (, ''machzor''), parts of the parashah, and are the Torah readings for the morning Yom Kippur service, in lieu of the traditional reading of .〔''Gates of Repentance: The New Union Prayerbook for the Days of Awe''. Edited by Chaim Stern, pages 342–45. New York: Central Conference of American Rabbis, Revised ed. 1996. ISBN 0-88123-069-3.〕
In the parashah, Moses told the Israelites that all the people stood before God to enter into the covenant, violation of which would bring on every curse, but if they returned to God and heeded God’s commandments, then God would take them back in love and bring them together again from the ends of the world. Moses taught that this Instruction was not beyond reach, and Moses put before the Israelites life and death, blessing and curse, and exhorted them to choose life by loving God and heeding the commandments.
==Readings==
In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , ''aliyot''. In the Masoretic Text of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), Parashah Nitzavim is a single "open portion" (, ''petuchah'') (roughly equivalent to a paragraph, often abbreviated with the Hebrew letter , ''peh'') and thus can be considered a single unit. Parashah Nitzavim has several further subdivisions, called "closed portion" (, ''setumah'') divisions (abbreviated with the Hebrew letter , ''samekh''). The first closed portion (, ''setumah'') spans the first three readings (, ''aliyot''). The second closed portion (, ''setumah'') spans the fourth and fifth readings (, ''aliyot''). The third closed portion (, ''setumah'') is coincident with the sixth reading (, ''aliyah'').〔See, e.g., ''The Schottenstein Edition Interlinear Chumash: Devarim / Deuteronomy''. Edited by Menachem Davis, pages 185–95. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2009. ISBN 1-4226-0210-9.〕
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