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Nocturne (painting)
(詳細はJames Abbott McNeill Whistler to describe a painting style that depicts scenes evocative of the night or subjects as they appear in a veil of light, in twilight, or in the absence of direct light. In a broader usage, the term has come to refer to any painting of a night scene,〔Lawton, Denis. (1992). ''Education And Politics For The 1990s: Conflict Or Consensus?'' (edition reprint). Psychology Press. p. 150. ISBN 0750700793.〕 or night-piece, such as Rembrandt's ''The Night Watch''.
Whistler used the term within the title of his works to represent paintings with a "dreamy, pensive mood" by applying a musical name. He also titled (and retitled) works using other terms associated with music, such as a "symphony", "harmony", "study" or "arrangement", to emphasize the tonal qualities and the composition and to de-emphasize the narrative content.〔Anderson, Ronald and Anne Koval. (2002). ''James McNeill Whistler: Beyond the Myth.'' De Capo Press. p. 186. ISBN 0-786-71032-2. (''Note: need to verify this was the edition used.'')〕 The use of the term "nocturne" can be associated with the Tonalism movement of the American of the late 19th century and early 20th century which is "characterized by soft, diffused light, muted tones and hazy outlined objects, all of which imbue the works with a strong sense of mood."〔Marter, Joan. (2011). ''The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art, Volume 1'' Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0195335791.〕 Along with winter scenes, nocturnes were a common Tonalist theme.〔Conrads, Margaret C. (1990). ''American Paintings and Sculpture at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Contributor: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Hudson Hills. p. 148. ISBN 1555950507.〕Frederic Remington used the term as well for his nocturne scenes of the American Old West.
==Rembrandt’s nocturnes==
In northern Europe, the Dutch Golden Age produced one of the greatest artists of all time. The first artist to paint scenes on a regular basis in the nocturne mode was Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669). Many of his portraits were also painted using a nocturne method. As in ''The Mill'' (1645), most of his landscapes were painted to evoke a sense of the nocturne, which could be expressed in either a calm or stormy manner.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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