|
The Norse–Gaels ((アイルランド語:Gall-Ghaedheil'' or ''Gall-Ghaeil), (スコットランド・ゲール語:Gall-Ghàidheil)) were a people who dominated much of the Irish Sea region, including the Isle of Man, western Scotland and eastern Ireland for a part of the Middle Ages; they were of Gaelic and North Germanic origin and as a whole exhibited a great deal of Gaelic and Norse cultural syncretism. Other modern terms used include Scoto-Norse, Hiberno-Norse, Irish–Norse and Foreign Gaels. The correct translation for ''Gall-Ghàidheil'' or any of the variant spellings is "Foreign Gaels" and though it can in theory mean any Gael of foreign aspect or origin, it was in practice always used of Gaels (i.e. Gaelic-speakers) with some kind of Norse identity. This term is subject to a large range of variations depending on chronological and geographical differences in the Gaelic language, e.g. Gall Gaidel, Gall Gaidhel, Gall Gaidheal, Gall Gaedil, Gall Gaedhil, Gall Gaedhel, Gall Goidel, etc. The modern term in Irish is Gall-Ghaeil, while the Scottish Gaelic is Gall-Ghàidheil.〔Clare Downham. (''Hiberno-Norwegians and Anglo-Danes:anachronistic ethnicities and Viking-Age England'' ). University of Aberdeen.〕 The people concerned often called themselves Ostmen or Austmenn (''East-men''), a name preserved in a corrupted form in the Dublin area known as Oxmantown which is derived from Austmanna-tún (''Homestead of the Eastmen''). In contrast, they called Gaels ''Vestmenn'' (''West-men'') (see Vestmannaeyjar and Vestmanna). ==History== The Norse–Gaels originated in Viking colonies of Ireland and Scotland, the descendants of intermarriage between Norse immigrants and the Gaels. As early as the ninth century, many colonists (except the Norse who settled in Cumbria) intermarried with native Gaels and adopted the Gaelic language as well as many Gaelic customs. Many left their original worship of Norse gods and converted to Christianity, and this contributed to the Gaelicisation. Gaelicised Scandinavians dominated the region of the Irish Sea until the Norman era of the twelfth century. They founded long-lasting kingdoms, such as the Kingdoms of Man, Dublin, and Galloway, as well as taking control of the Norse colony at York. The Lords of the Isles, whose sway lasted until the sixteenth century, as well as many other Gaelic rulers of Scotland and Ireland, traced their descent from Norse–Gaels settlements in northwest Scotland, concentrated mostly in the Hebrides. The Hebrides are to this day known in Scottish Gaelic as ''Innse Gall'', "the islands of foreigners"; the irony of this being that they are one of the last strongholds of Gaelic in Scotland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Norse–Gaels」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|