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North Yemen Civil War
The North Yemen Civil War ((アラビア語:ثورة 26 سبتمبر)) was fought in North Yemen between royalist partisans of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom and supporters of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a ''coup d'état'' carried out by the republican leader Abdullah as-Sallal in 1962, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam Muhammad al-Badr and declared Yemen a republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support from Northern Shia tribes to retake power, escalating shortly to a full-scale civil war.
On the royalist side Jordan and Saudi Arabia supplied military aid, and Britain gave covert support, while the republicans were supported by Egypt and allegedly received warplanes from the Soviet Union.〔Sandler, Stanley. ''Ground Warfare: The International Encyclopedia''. Vol.1 (2002): p.977. "Egypt immediately began sending military supplies and troops to assist the Republicans... On the royalist side Jordan and Saudi Arabia were furnishing military aid, and Britain lent diplomatic support. In addition to the Egyptian aid, the Soviet Union allegedly supplied 24 Mig-19s to the republicans."〕 Both foreign irregular and conventional forces were involved. The Egyptian President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, supported the republicans with as many as 70,000 Egyptian troops and chemical weapons. Despite several military moves and peace conferences, the war sank into a stalemate by mid-1960s. Egypt's commitment to the war is considered to have been detrimental to its performance in the Six-Day War of June 1967, after which Nasser found it increasingly difficult to maintain his army's involvement and began to pull his forces out of Yemen. The surprising removal of Sallal on November 5 by Yemeni dissidents, supported by republican tribesmen, resulted in internal shift of power in the capital, while the royalists approached it from the north. The new republic government was headed by Qadi Abdul Rahman Iryani, Ahmed Noman and Mohamed Ali Uthman, all of which shortly either resigned or fled the country, leaving the disarrayed capital under the control of Prime Minister Hassan Amri. The 1967 siege of Sana'a became the turning point of the war - the remaining republican Prime-Minister succeeded to keep control of Sana'a and by February 1968, the royalists lifted the siege. Clashes continued in parallel with peace talks between the sides, until in 1970, Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic, and a ceasefire was effected.
Egyptian military historians refer to the war in Yemen as their Vietnam and historian Michael Oren (former Israeli Ambassador to the U.S) wrote that Egypt's military adventure in Yemen was so disastrous that "the imminent Vietnam War could easily have been dubbed America's Yemen."〔Oren (2002), p. 7〕
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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