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|common_name = Norway |image_flag = Flag of Norway.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Norway.svg |image_map = Europe-Norway.svg |map_caption = |motto = |national_anthem = |official_languages = }} Sami: Lule, Northern and Southern (Sami languages are official in 9 municipalities.) |languages_type = Writing system |languages = Latin (Dano-Norwegian alphabet) |regional_languages = |religion = Church of Norway |demonym = Norwegian In Norwegian: ''Nordmann'' |ethnic_groups = |capital = Oslo |latd=59 |latm=56 |latNS=N |longd=10 |longm=41 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Harald V |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Erna Solberg |leader_title3 = President of the ''Storting'' |leader_name3 = Olaf Michael Thommessen |leader_title4 = Chief Justice |leader_name4 = Tore Schei |legislature = ''Storting'' |state_religion = Church of Norway |sovereignty_type = History |established_event1 = Unification |established_date1 = 872 |established_event2 = Kalmar Union |established_date2 = 1397 |established_event3 = Denmark-Norway |established_date3 = 1524 |established_event4 = Constitution |established_date4 = 17 May 1814 |established_event5 = Sweden-Norway |established_date5 = 4 November 1814 |established_event6 = End of Sweden-Norway |established_date6 = 7 June 1905 |established_event7 = German occupation |established_date7 = 9 April 1940 |established_event8 = Restoration from German occupation |established_date8 = 8 May 1945 |area_rank = 61sta |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 385,178〔Data is accessible by following "Create tables and diagrams" link on the following site, and then using table 09280 "Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" for "The whole country" in year 2013 and summing up entries "Land area" and "Freshwater": Svalbard and Jan Mayen are included.〕 |area_sq_mi = 148,718 |percent_water = 5.2b |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = |population_census = 5,165,802〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population on 1 January 2015 )〕 |population_census_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 15.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 35 |population_density_rank = 213th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $351.603 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = 46th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $67,445〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 4th |GDP_nominal = $420.958 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 22nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $80,749〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3rd |Gini_year = 2011 |Gini_change = |Gini = 22.3 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.944 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 1st |currency = Norwegian krone |currency_code = NOK |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd.mm.yyyy |drives_on = right |patron_saint = St. Olaf |calling_code = +47 |cctld = .noc |footnote_a = Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen. (Without these two areas, the area of Norway is 323,802 km, placing it 67th in the world.) |footnote_b = This percentage is for the mainland, Svalbard, and Jan Mayen. This percentage counts glaciers as "land". It's calculated as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14).〔 |footnote_c = Two more TLDs have been assigned, but are not used: .sj for Svalbard and Jan Mayen; .bv for Bouvet Island. }} Norway ( ; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to Queen Maud Land, a territory which is larger than Greenland, more than seven times the size of Norway proper, and about one-fifth of the Antarctic landmass. On most maps there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land and the South Pole until June 12, 2015 when Norway formally annexed〔http://www.thefreedictionary.com/annexation 2. To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city.〕 that area. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262), which was lost through the Treaty of Kiel. The Kingdom also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468, as well as the Hebrides and the Isle of Man from 1098 to 1266. Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,165,800 people (2015). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak Strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the German House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is the current monarch of Norway. Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the King, and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution. Between 1661 and 1814, Norway was an absolute monarchy, and before 1661, the King shared power with the Norwegian nobility. Traditionally established in 872 and a merger of several petty kingdoms, Norway is one of the original states of Europe and the third oldest European kingdom formed after the English and the French Monarchy. By the traditional count from year 872 The Kingdom has existed continuously for 1,143 years, and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls. Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, known as counties (fylke) and municipalities (kommune). The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and its member countries (despite rejecting full EU membership in two referenda), as well as with the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO and the OECD; and is also a part of the Schengen Area. The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, fresh water, and hydropower. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product. The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists, as well as ninth-highest on a more comprehensive 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/bethgreenfield/2012/02/22/the-worlds-richest-countries/ )〕 CIA list. On a per-capita basis, it is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Comparison :: Crude oil - production )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country Comparison :: Natural gas - production )〕 From 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2014, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human Development Report 2011 )〕〔(Norway top country in human well-being ). ''United Press International'', 15 March 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.〕 Norway has also topped the Legatum Prosperity Index for the last seven years.〔(2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline ). ''Legatum Institute,'' 29 October 2013.〕〔(This Is the World's Most Prosperous Nation (Hint: It's Not the U.S.) ) Retrieved November 5, 2015.〕 == Toponymy == The name Norway comes from the Old Norse word ''norðrvegr'', "northern way" or "way leading to the north", which the Geats and the Danes named the coastline of western Norway, contrasting with ''suðrvegar'' "southern way" for Germany, and ''austrvegr'' "eastern way" for the Baltic. The Old Norse name was borrowed into Old English, as ''Norðweg, Norweg'', giving rise to modern ''Norway'' by regular development via Middle English ''Norwey, Norwei''. The adjective ''Norwegian'', on the other hand, recorded from c. 1600, is derived from the latinization of the name as ''Norwegia''. By the 9th century a number of petty kingdoms existed along this coast, which were unified into the first kingdom of Norway under Harald Fairhair after the Battle of Hafrsfjord ca. 872. Ohthere of Hålogaland, a Norwegian seafarer, gave his account of his travels to King Alfred of Wessex in about 890 and referred to the kingdom he came from as ''norðmannaland'', "land of the northmen". Ohthere identified the Sami from their nomadic way of life and separated the Danes from his countrymen politically or geographically. Old Norse ''norðmaðr'' was Latinized as ''Nortmannus'' in the 9th century to mean "Norseman, Viking", giving rise to the name of the Normans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Etymologie de Normand )〕 After Norway had become Christian, ''Norégr'' and ''Norégi'' had become the most common forms, but during the 15th century the newer forms ''Noreg(h)'' and ''Norg(h)e'', found in medieval Icelandic manuscripts, took over and have survived until modern day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Norway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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