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Notgeld
''Notgeld'' (German for "emergency money" or "necessity money") refers to money issued by an institution in a time of economic or political crisis. The issuing institution is usually one without official sanction from the central government. This occurs usually when sufficient state-produced money is not available from the central bank. Most notably, ''notgeld'' generally refers to money produced in Germany and Austria during World War I and the Interbellum. Issuing institutions could be a town's savings banks, municipality and private or state-owned firms.
''Notgeld'' was mainly issued in the form of (paper) banknotes. Sometimes other forms were used, as well: coins, leather, silk, linen, postage stamps, aluminium foil, coal, and porcelain; there are also reports of elemental sulfur being used, as well as all sorts of re-used paper and carton material (e.g. playing cards). These pieces made from playing cards are extremely rare and are known as ''Spielkarten'', the German word for "playing card".
''Notgeld'' was a mutually-accepted means of payment in a particular region or locality, but notes could travel widely. ''Notgeld'' is different from occupation money that is issued by an occupying army during a war.
==In Germany and Austria==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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