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Novhorod-Siverskyi
Novhorod-Siverskyi ((ウクライナ語:Новгород-Сіверський), Novhorod Siverskyi; (ロシア語:Но́вгород-Се́верский), Novgorod-Seversky; (ポーランド語:Nowogród Siewierski)) is a historic city in the Chernihiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion, and is situated on the bank of the Desna River, 330 km from the capital, Kiev, and 45 km south of the Russian border. Current estimated population: 15,000.
==History==
The town was first chronicled in 1044. From 1098 it was the capital of the Siverian Principality, which served as a buffer zone against incursions of the Cumans (Polovtsy) and other steppe peoples. One of the numerous campaigns of local princes against the Cumans produced the great monument of early East Slavic literature, the Tale of Igor's Campaign.
After the town's destruction by Mongols in 1239, it passed to the princes of Bryansk and then to the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. It was ruled by Dymitr Korybut (Kaributas), son of Algirdas. Muscovy obtained the area following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503, but lost it to Poland after the Time of Troubles. The town finally passed to Russia as a result of the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667). During the Cossack epoch, the town received the status of ''sotenny'' (literally, 'relating to a hundred') and later ''polkovoi'' (regimental) town; these were military and administrative divisions in the Cossack army and country. Also Novhorod-Siverskyi became a cultural center of Left-Bank Ukraine. It was made the capital of a separate namestnichestvo in 1782–97. Thereafter its importance steadily declined.
During World War II, Novhorod-Siverskyi was occupied by the German Army from 26 August 1941 to 16 September 1943.
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