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Novak
Novak (in Serbo-Croatian and Slovene), Novák (in Czech and Slovak), Nowak (in Polish) is a Slavic name,〔Laurence Urdang. ''The Last Word: The English Language: Opinions and Prejudices''. OmniData. 2008. p. 228.〕 both used as a given name and surname, derived from the word for "new" (e.g. (ポーランド語:nowy), , ) meaning something similar to "new man", "newcomer", or "stranger" in English. The name was often given to someone who came to a new city, or a convert to Christianity. It was also used for newcomers into an army and as an occupational surname for people who used the slash-and-burn method to create new arable land—''novina''.〔(''Izvori priimkov. Imenoslovec prof. Pavle Merku'' ). Mladina.si.〕 It is pronounced almost the same way: the main difference is that in Slovene, the stress is on the last syllable, while in all other cases it is on the first one.
Novák is the most common surname in the Czech Republic;〔〔 Nowak is the most common surname in Poland;〔 Novak is the most common surname in Slovenia,〔 and the sixth most common in Croatia. It can also be found in Romania and Moldova in the ''Novac'' form.
==Spelling==
It is usually spelled Novák in Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian, Nowak in Polish, Novak () in Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian, and Novac in Romanian. In German, it was transliterated as ''Nowak'' (German "w" pronounced as Slavic "v"). Many Americans with the surname Nowak have had it Anglicized to Novak or Novack.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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