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Numen
Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term for "divinity", or a "divine presence", "divine will." The Latin authors defined it as follows.〔For a more extensive account, refer to 〕 Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (''divina mens''), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" (''vim divinam'') "which pervades the lives of men." It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury.〔 〕 In Virgil's recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (''magna precati numina'').〔3. 634.〕 Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" (''se ... coli vellet'') "with temples and the effigies of numina" (''effigie numinum''). Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power," the "dignity," and "the majesty;" in short, the "''numen'' of history." Lucretius uses the expression ''numen mentis'',〔T. Lucretius Carus, ''De Natura rerum'', 3.144.〕 or "bidding of the mind," where "bidding" is ''numen'', not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine (which well may be the case), but as simply human will.〔
Since the early 20th century, numen has sometimes been treated in the history of religion as a pre-animistic phase; that is, a belief system inherited from an earlier time. ''Numen'' is also used by sociologists to refer to the idea of magical power residing in an object, particularly when writing about ideas in the western tradition. When used in this sense, ''numen'' is nearly synonymous with ''mana''. However, some authors reserve use of ''mana'' for ideas about magic from Polynesia and southeast Asia.
==Etymology==
Etymologically, the word means "a nod of the head", here referring to a deity as it were "nodding", or making its will or its presence known).According to H. J. Rose:
The literal meaning is simply "a nod", or more accurately, for it is a passive formation, "that which is produced by nodding", just as ''flamen'' is "that which is produced by blowing", ''i.e.'', a gust of wind. It came to mean "the product or expression of power" — not, be it noted, power itself.
Thus, ''numen'' (divinity) is not personified (although it can be a personal attribute) and should be distinguished from ''deus'' (god).〔, freely available from Project Gutenberg〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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