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Nurhaci
Nurhaci (; ; alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. Nurhaci was part of the Aisin Gioro clan, and reigned from 1616 to his death in September 1626.
Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on Ming China and Joseon Korea. His conquest of Ming China's northeastern Liaoning province laid the groundwork for the conquest of the rest of China by his descendants, who founded the Qing dynasty in 1644. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language.
==Name and titles==
Nurhaci is written as in the Manchu language. The meaning of the name in the Manchu language is "the skin of a wild boar". Regarded as the founding father of the Qing dynasty, he is given the customary temple name of ''Taizu'', which is traditionally assigned to founders of dynasties. His name is also alternatively spelled ''Nurgaci'', ''Nurhachi'', or ''Nu-er-ha-chi'' (the last of these simply the transcription of the Chinese characters used to write his name).
Nurhaci was the last chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and First Khan of the Later Jin dynasty. His title in Manchu as Khan was ''Geren gurun-be ujire genggiyen Han'' ("Brilliant Khan Who Benefits All Nations"). His regnal name was Tianming (; Manchu:''Abkai fulingga''), in Mongolian Tengri-yin Süldetü. It means "The Emperor of Heaven's Mandate." He was given a posthumous name in 1736 (see infobox), the shortened form of which was "Emperor Gao" (Wade-Giles: Emperor Kao; ).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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