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Said Nursî ( / ; 1877〔 – 23 March 1960), also spelled Said-i Nursî, officially Said Okur〔(Bediüzzaman ve Risale-i Nur Hizmeti )〕 and commonly known with the honorific ''Bediüzzaman'' (بديع الزّمان, ''Badī' al-Zamān''),〔(From Said Nursi's Life: Birth and Early Childhood )〕 was a Kurdish Sunni Muslim theologian. He wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages.〔Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p. 482. ISBN 0691134847〕〔Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 194. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6.〕 Believing that modern science and logic was the way of the future, he advocated teaching religious sciences in secular schools and modern sciences in religious schools.〔〔〔Said Nursi, ''Munazarat'', p. 86 "The religious sciences are the light of the conscience; the modern sciences are the light of the mind; only on the combining of the two does the truth emerge. The students’ aspiration will take flight with those two wings. When they are parted, it gives rise to bigotry in the one, and skepticism and trickery in the other."〕 Nursi inspired a faith movement〔Omer Taspinar, Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Transition (Middle East Studies: History, Politics & Law), p. 228. ISBN 041594998X〕〔Serif Mardin, Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 23. ISBN 0887069967〕 that has played a vital role in the revival of Islam in Turkey and now numbers several millions of followers world wide.〔Sukran Vahide, Islam in Modern Turkey: An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 425. ISBN 0791482979〕〔(An article from First Things )〕 His followers, often known as ''the "Nurcu movement"'' or ''the "Nur cemaati"'', often call him by the venerating mononymic ''Üstad'' ("the Master"). Bediuzzaman displayed an extraordinary intelligence and ability to learn from an early age, completing the normal course of Madrasa (religious school) education at the early age of fourteen, when he obtained his diploma. He became famous for both his prodigious memory and his unbeaten record in debating with other religious scholars. Another characteristic Bediuzzaman displayed from an early age was an instinctive dissatisfaction with the existing education system, which when older he formulated into comprehensive proposals for its reform. == Early life == Said Nursi was born in Nurs, a Kurdish village in the Bitlis Vilayet (province) of the Ottoman Empire, in eastern Anatolia. He received his early education from scholars of his hometown, where he showed mastery in theological debates. After developing a reputation for Islamic knowledge, he was nicknamed "Bediuzzaman", meaning "The most unique and superior person of the time". He was invited by the governor of the Vilayet of Van to stay within his residency. In the governor's library, Nursî gained access to an archive of scientific knowledge he had not had access to previously. Said Nursi also learned the Ottoman Turkish language there. During this time, he developed a plan for university education for the Eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire. By combining scientific and religious (Islamic) education, the university was expected to advance the philosophical thoughts of these regions. However, he was put on trial in 1909 for his apparent involvement in the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 against the liberal reform movement named the Committee of Union and Progress, but he was acquitted and released.〔David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the New Age, p. 568-569. ISBN 1481226509〕 He was active during the late Ottoman Caliphate as an educational reformer and advocate of the unity of the peoples of the Caliphate. He proposed educational reforms to the Ottoman Sultan AbdulHamid aiming to put the traditional Madrasah (seminary) training, Sufism (tasawwuf) and the modern sciences in dialogue with each other.〔〔David Tittensor, The House of Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 35. ISBN 0199336415〕 During World War I, he was a member of the Special Organization of the Ottoman Empire.〔Hakan Özoglu, ''Osmanli Devleti ve Kürt Milliyetçiligi'', Kitap Yayinevi Ltd., 2005, ISBN 978-975-6051-02-3, (p. 146. )〕 Nursi was taken to Russia as a prisoner of war, where he spent over 2 years. He escaped from a Russian camp in the spring of 1918 and made his way to Istanbul.〔〔Andrew Rippin and Zeki Saritoprak, The Islamic World, Chapter 33, p. 398〕 His return welcomed in Istanbul and he was chosen to be a member of Dar-al Hikmat al-Islamiye, an Islamic academy seeking solution for growing problems of ummah Bediüzzaman was a worrying-enough influence for the incipient leader of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,〔David Tittensor, The House of Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 37. ISBN 0199336415〕 to deem it necessary to seek to control him by offering him the position of ‘Minister of Religious Affairs’ for the eastern provinces of Turkey, a post that Nursi famously refused.〔David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the New Age, p. 569. ISBN 1481226509〕 This was the beginning of his split from the Kemalist Ideology, although Said Nursi had a relatively friendly relationship with fellow ethnic Kurd Abdullah Cevdet, despite the vast difference between Said Nursi's religiosity and Avdullah Cevdet's distaste for institutionalized religion and advocacy for secularism.〔Martin van Bruinessen (''Vom Osmanismus zum Separatismus: Religiöse und ethnische Hintergründe der Rebellion des Scheich Said'' ) (PDF; 260 kB), S. 18〕 After arriving in Istanbul, Said Nursi declared: "I shall prove and demonstrate to the world that the Quran is an undying, inexhaustible Sun!", setting out to write his comprehensive ''Risale-i Nur'', a collection of Said Nursi's own commentaries and interpretations of the Quran, as well as writings about his own life. In ''Risale-i Nur'', Said Nursi claimed a personal level of closeness to God. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Said Nursî」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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