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Nutrition
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food (e.g. phytonutrients, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.) in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.〔http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cd_hum.nut.html#2 National Institutes of Health, Joint Collection Development Policy: The National Agricultural Library, The National Library of Medicine, The Library of Congress, February 27, 1998, Updated October 14, 2014. Retrieved on 2014-12-13〕
The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability, the processing and palatability of foods. A healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of food-born illnesses.
Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDs or RDNs)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eatrightpro.org/resources/about-us/what-is-an-rdn-and-dtr )〕 are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan. They also provide preventive and therapeutic programs at work places, schools and similar institutions. Certified Clinical Nutritionists or CCNs, are trained health professionals who also offer dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic disease, including possible prevention or remediation by addressing nutritional deficiencies before resorting to drugs.〔http://www.iaacn.org/ The International & American Associations of Clinical Nutritionist, 2014, Retrieved 2014-12-14〕 Government regulation especially in terms of licensing, is currently less universal for the CCN than that of RD or RDN. Another advanced Nutrition Professional is a Certified Nutrition Specialist or CNS. These Board Certified Nutritionists typically specialize in obesity and chronic disease. In order to become board certified, potential CNS candidate must pass an examination, much like Registered Dieticians. This exam covers specific domains within the health sphere including; Clinical Intervention and Human Health.
A poor diet may have an injurious impact on health, causing deficiency diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism; health-threatening conditions like obesity〔(Obesity, Weight Linked to Prostate Cancer Deaths – National Cancer Institute ). Cancer.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕〔(Obesity and Overweight for Professionals: Causes | DNPAO | CDC ). Cdc.gov (2011-05-16). Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕 and metabolic syndrome;〔(Metabolic syndrome – PubMed Health ). Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕 and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease,〔(Omega-3 fatty acids ). Umm.edu (2011-10-05). Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕 diabetes,〔(What I need to know about Eating and Diabetes – National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse ). Diabetes.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕〔(Diabetes Diet and Food Tips: Eating to Prevent and Control Diabetes ). Helpguide.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕 and osteoporosis.〔(Osteoporosis & Vitamin D: Deficiency, How Much, Benefits, and More ). Webmd.com (2005-07-07). Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕〔(Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D ). Ods.od.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.〕 A poor diet can cause the wasting of kwashiorkor in acute cases, and the stunting of marasmus in chronic cases of malnutrition.〔
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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