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A nyckelharpa ("keyed fiddle", or literally "key harp", plural ''nyckelharpor'') is a traditional Swedish musical instrument. It is a string instrument or chordophone. Its keys are attached to tangents which, when a key is depressed, serve as frets to change the pitch of the string. The nyckelharpa is similar in appearance to a fiddle or the big Sorb geige or viol. Structurally, it is more closely related to the hurdy-gurdy, both employing key-actuated tangents to change the pitch. The nyckelharpa and its tonal range appear on the reverse of the Swedish 50 kronor banknote.〔Gunnar Ternhag & Mathias Boström. (''The Dissemination of the Nyckelharpa: The Ethnic and the non-Ethnic Ways'' ). STM-Online (Svensk Tidskrift för Musikforskning) vol. 2 (1999)〕 ==History== A depiction of two instruments, possibly but not confirmed nyckelharpor, can be found in a relief dating from ''circa'' 1350 on one of the gates of Källunge church on Gotland.〔(History ), Nyckelharpa.org〕〔''World Music: The Rough Guide'', volume 1 ''Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', ed. Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham and Richard Trillo with Orla Duane and Vanessa Dowell, London: Rough Guides, 1999, ISBN 978-1-85828-635-8, (p. 299 ).〕 Early church paintings are found in Siena, Italy, dating to 1408〔German Wikipedia, "Gerne"〕 and in different churches in Denmark and Sweden, such as Tolfta church, Sweden, which dates to ''circa'' 1460-1525.〔Printed information about Tolfta church and by Swedish nyckelharpa researchers〕 Other very early pictures are to be found in Hildesheim, Germany, dating to ''circa'' 1590.〔German Wikipedia〕 The ''Schlüsselfidel'' (nyckelharpa) is also mentioned in ''Theatrum Instrumentorum'', a famous work written in 1620 by the German organist Michael Praetorius (1571–1621). The Swedish province of Uppland has been a stronghold for nyckelharpa music since the early 17th century, including musicians like Byss-Calle (Carl Ersson Bössa, 1783–1847) from Älvkarleby.〔 Changes by August Bohlin (1877–1949) in 1929/1930 made the nyckelharpa a chromatic instrument with a straight bow, making it a more violin-like and no longer a bourdon instrument.〔 Composer, player and maker of nyckelharpas Eric Sahlström (1912–1986) used this new instrument and helped to re-popularize it in the mid-20th century.〔 In spite of this, the nyckelharpa's popularity declined until the 1960s roots revival. The 1960s and 1970s saw a resurgence in the popularity of the nyckelharpa, with notable artists such as Marco Ambrosini (Italy and Germany), Sture Sahlström, Hasse Gille, Peter Puma Hedlund and Nils Nordström including the nyckelharpa in both early music and contemporary music offerings. Continued refinement of the instrument also contributed to the increase in popularity, with instrument builders like Jean-Claude Condi and Annette Osann bringing innovation to the bow and body. In 1990s, the nyckelharpa was recognised as one of the instruments available for study at the folk music department of the Royal College of Music in Stockholm (Kungliga Musikhögskolan). It has also been a prominent part of several revival groups in the later part of the century, including the trio Väsen, the more contemporary group Hedningarna, the Finnish folk music group Hyperborea and the Swedish folk music groups Dråm and Nordman. It has also been used in non-Scandinavian musical contexts, for example by the Spanish player Ana Alcaide. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nyckelharpa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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