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Menngagde
In Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, Menngakde (, THL: men-ngak-dé,〔http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mengakd%C3%A9 | Rigpa wiki link to Category of Pith Instructions〕 (サンスクリット:upadēśavarga)), is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions within Dzogchen (''Great Perfection'' ).
Dzogchen is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Menngagde focuses on rigpa. The Menngagde or 'Instruction Class' of Dzogchen teachings are divided into two parts: ''trekchö'' and ''tögel''.
==Practice==
For general purposes, Menngagde may also be known as Nyingthik.〔Van Schaik, Sam (2004). ''Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in the Longchen Nyingtig''. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-370-2, p.9〕 Germano & Gyatso (2000: p. 240) note a similarity of practice between Chan-like formless meditations and Nyingthik/Menngagde:
"...the Seminal Heart or Nyingthik (snying thig) form of the Great Perfection (rdzogs-chen) movement, ...a syncretic Tantric tradition consisting of Chan-like practices of formless meditation combined with exercises that cultivated spontaneous visions of buddhas."〔Germano, David & Gyatso, Janet (2000). "Longchenpa and the Possession of the Dakinis." In: White, David Gordon (author, editor)(2001). ''Tantra in practice''. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 81-208-1778-8, ISBN 978-81-208-1778-4. Source: () (accessed: Saturday March 27, 2010), p.240〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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