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Nyorai : ウィキペディア英語版
Nyorai

(詳細はSanskrit and Pali word ''Tathagata'', the term the historical Buddha used most often to refer to himself.〔 Among his Japanese honorifics, it is the one expressing the highest degree of respect. Although originally applied only to Buddha himself, with the advent of Mahayana Buddhism Tathāgata (and therefore ''Nyorai'') came to be used for all those who have achieved enlightenment, entities which occupy the highest of the four ranks of the Japanese Buddhist pantheon.〔 Their rank is accordingly called the .
==Etymology==

The Buddhist honorific ''Nyorai'' is the Japanese translation of ''Tathāgata'', a Sanskrit and Pali compound word whose exact meaning is uncertain. It was widely used in Indian religions other than Brahmanism as a term of respect for religious figures of exceptional stature, but it ended up being used only by Buddhism.〔 Sanskrit grammar offers two possibilities for breaking up the compound: either ''tathā'' (thusly) and ''āgata'' (come) or ''tathā'' (thusly) and ''gata'' (gone), and Buddhist commentaries offer as many as eight different interpretations of its meaning.〔 The most widely accepted is “one who has thus (tathā) gone (gata)” or “one who has thus (tathā) come (āgata)”, signifying that Buddha himself was no more than one in a long series of persons in the past and future to achieve enlightenment, and teach others how to do the same.〔
In translating ''Tathāgata'' as ''Nyorai'', however, the interpretation made of the two components was slightly different. The first half was assumed to mean "reality as it is", and was translated with the ''kanji'' , which means roughly "as it is".〔 The second (''āgata'') was assumed to be simply the past tense of the verb "to come", and translated literally .〔 The Japanese word's meaning is therefore "he who came from tathata (the ultimate nature of all things)" to lead human beings to salvation.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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