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| imagesize = | image_caption = From top, left to right: Hungarian Parliament, Fisherman's Bastion, Sándor Palace guard, Heroes' Square, National Theatre, St. Stephen's Basilica and Széchenyi Chain Bridge by night | image_flag = Flag of Budapest (2011-).svg | image_shield = Coa Hungary Town Budapest big.svg | shield_alt = Coat of arms of Budapest | nickname = Heart of Europe, Pearl of Danube, Capital of Freedom, Capital of Spas and Thermal Baths, Capital of Festivals | pushpin_map = Hungary | pushpin_map_caption = Budapest location within Hungary | latd = 47 |latm = 29 |lats = 33 |latNS = N | longd = 19 |longm = 03 |longs = 05 |longEW = E | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_region = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Hungary | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Central Hungary | subdivision_type3 = Subregion | parts = 23 Districts | p1=I., Várkerület |p2=II. |p3=III., Óbuda-Békásmegyer |p4=IV., Újpest |p5=V., Belváros-Lipótváros |p6=VI., Terézváros |p7=VII., Erzsébetváros |p8=VIII., Józsefváros |p9=IX., Ferencváros |p10=X., Kőbánya |p11=XI., Újbuda |p12=XII., Hegyvidék |p13=XIII. |p14=XIV., Zugló |p15= XV., Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota |p16=XVI. |p17=XVII., Rákosmente |p18=XVIII., Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre |p19=XIX., Kispest |p20=XX., Pesterzsébet |p21=XXI., Csepel |p22=XXII., Budafok-Tétény |p23=XXIII., Soroksár | established_title = Unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda | established_date = 17 November 1873 | government_footnotes = | government_type = Mayor–Council | governing_body = General Assembly of Budapest | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = István Tarlós (Fidesz) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 525.2 | area_urban_km2 = 2538 | area_metro_km2 = 7626 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = Lowest (Danube) 96 m Highest (János hill) 527 | elevation_ft = 315 to 1,729 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1,757,618 | population_rank = 1st (8th in EU) | population_urban = 2,551,247 | population_metro = 3,303,786 | population_as_of = 2015 | population_density_km2 = 3348 | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_demonym = Budapester, budapesti (''Hungarian'') | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code(s) | postal_code = 1011–1239 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 1 | iso_code = HU-BU |blank_name_sec1 = NUTS code |blank_info_sec1 = HU101 |blank1_name_sec1 = GDP per capita PPS |blank1_info_sec1 = €37,632 ($52,770)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Budapest - HU101 - Employment Institute )〕 | website = |footnotes = }} Budapest〔, , , Source: 〕 (; names in other languages) is the capital and the largest city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union. It is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre, sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. According to the census, in 2011 Budapest had 1.74 million inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2.1 million〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ksh.hu/interaktiv/korfa/terulet.html )〕 due to suburbanisation. The Budapest Metropolitan Area is home to 3.3 million people.〔(History of the Budapest Commuter Association (English)) ) 〕〔(Settlements of the Budapest Commuter Area (Hungarian) ) 〕 The city covers an area of .〔 Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, with Pest on the east bank on 17 November 1873.〔Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15.〕 The history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement〔 that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Travel Channel )〕 in the 9th century. Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42.〔Wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Budapest〕 The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule,〔Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15〕 the region entered a new age of prosperity in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the second capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. Budapest was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945, and the Revolution of 1956. Cited as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe,〔〔 Budapest's extensive World Heritage Site includes the banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, Andrássy Avenue, Heroes' Square and the Millennium Underground Railway, the second-oldest metro line in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=International Council on Monuments and Sites )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Unesco World Heritage Centre )〕 It has around 80 geothermal springs,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary's, Budapest's and Balaton's Guide: Budapest's spas: Gellért, Király, Rác, Ru..'l'; l;lldas, Széchenyi, Lukács )〕 the world's largest thermal water cave system, second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building. The city attracts about 4.4 million tourists a year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, and the 6th in Europe, according to Euromonitor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Euromonitor )〕 Considered a financial hub in Central Europe, the city ranked third on Mastercard's Emerging Markets Index, and ranked as the most liveable Central or Eastern European city on EIU's quality of life index. It is also ranked as "the world's second best city" by Condé Nast Traveler, and "Europe's 7th most idyllic place to live" by Forbes. It is the highest ranked Central/Eastern European city on Innovation Cities' Top 100 index.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CEE City Ranking puts capitals under the spotlight | Local and regional publications )〕 Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), the European Police College (CEPOL)〔European Union Document Nos. 2013/0812 (COD), ENFOPOL 395 CODEC 2773 PARLNAT 307〕 and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency (CIPA). Eighteen universities are situated in Budapest, including the Central European University, Eötvös Loránd University and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. ==Etymology== "Budapest" is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, which were (together with Óbuda) united into a single city in 1873. One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name "Buda-Pest" was in 1831 in the book "Világ" ("World" / "Light"), written by Count István Széchenyi.〔(Bácskai Vera: Széchenyi tervei Pest-Buda felemelésére és szépítésére ) 〕 The origins of the names ''Buda'' and ''Pest'' are obscure. According to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name ''Buda'' comes from the name of its founder, Bleda (Buda), brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that "Buda" was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars. An alternative explanation suggests that ''Buda'' derives from the Slavic word вода, ''voda'' ("water"), a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also several theories about the origin of the name ''Pest''. One of the theories states that the word "Pest" comes from the Roman times, since there was a fortress ("Contra-Aquincum") in this region that was referred to as "Pession" ("Πέσσιον", iii.7.§2) by Ptolemaios.〔 Facsim. of ed. published: London: John Murray, 1872.〕 According to another theory, ''Pest'' originates from the Slavic word for cave (most closely related to Bulgarian and Macedonian: пещера, ''peștera''), or oven ((ブルガリア語:пещ), ''peșt''), in reference either to a cave where fires burned or to a local limekiln. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Budapest」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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