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One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is a non-profit initiative established with the goal of creating and distributing educational devices for the developing world. Its primary goal was the production and distribution of the OLPC XO, a low-cost and low-power laptop computer. The project was originally funded by member organizations such as AMD, Chi Mei, eBay, Google, Marvell Technology Group, News Corporation, Nortel, Red Hat, and Quanta. The OLPC project has received criticism both specific to its mission, and criticism that is typical of many such systems, such as support, ease-of-use, security, content-filtering and privacy issues. Officials in some countries have criticized the project for its appropriateness in terms of price, cultural emphasis and priority as compared to other basic needs of people in third-world settings. == History == At The World Summit on the Information Society held by the United Nations in Tunisia from November 16–18, 2005, several African representatives, most notably Marthe Dansokho (a missionary of United Methodist Church), voiced suspicions towards the motives of the OLPC project and claimed that the project was using an overly "U.S. mindset", pointing out that the presented solutions were not applicable to specifically "African problems". Dansokho said the project demonstrated misplaced priorities, stating that African women would not have enough time to research new crops to grow. She added that clean water and schools were more important. Mohammed Diop specifically criticized the project as an attempt to exploit the governments of poor nations by making them pay for hundreds of millions of machines and the need of further investments into internet infrastructure.〔 Others have similarly criticized laptop deployments in very low income countries, regarding them as cost-ineffective when compared to far simpler measures such as deworming and other expenses on basic child health.〔 At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announced it would back the laptop. UNDP released a statement saying they would work with OLPC to deliver "technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries".〔 Lee Felsenstein, a computer engineer who played a central role in the development of the personal computer, criticized the centralized, top-down design and distribution of the OLPC.〔 In the first years of the project, the Association managed development and logistics, and the Foundation managed fundraising such as the Give One Get One campaign ("G1G1"). Intel was a member of the association for a brief period in 2007. It resigned its membership on 3 January 2008, citing disagreements with requests from OLPC's founder, Nicholas Negroponte, for Intel to stop dumping their Classmate PCs.〔〔 In 2008, Negroponte showed some doubt about the exclusive use of open source software for the project〔 and made suggestions supporting a move towards adding Windows XP which Microsoft was in the process of porting over to the XO hardware.〔 Microsoft's Windows XP, however, is not seen by some as a sustainable operating system.〔 Microsoft announced on that they would sell them have Windows XP for $3 per XO.〔 It would be offered as an option on XO-1 laptops and possibly be able to dual boot alongside Linux.〔 In response, Walter Bender, who was the former President of Software and Content for the OLPC project, left OLPC.〔〔 No significant deployments elected to purchase Windows licenses. Charles Kane became the new President and Chief Operating Officer of the OLPC Association on May 2, 2008.〔〔 In late 2008, the NYC Department of Education purchased some XO computers for use by New York schoolchildren.〔 Advertisements for OLPC began streaming on the video streaming website Hulu and others in 2008. One such ad has John Lennon advertising for OLPC, with an unknown voice actor redubbing over Lennon's voice.〔 In 2008 OLPC reduced their annual budget from $12 million to $5 million which resulted in a restructuring on January 7, 2009. Development of the Sugar operating environment was moved entirely into the community, the Latin America support organization was spun out and staff reductions, including Jim Gettys, affected approximately 50% of the paid employees. The remaining 32 staff members also saw salary reductions.〔〔 Despite the downsizing, OLPC continued development of the XO-1.5 laptops. In 2010 the Association set up a new office in Miami under Rodrigo Halaby, and currently oversees sales and support for the XO-1.5 laptop and its successors. The foundation, led by Chairman Nicholas Negroponte,〔 currently oversees development of future software and hardware, including the ARM-based OLPC XO-1.75 laptop and the OLPC XO-3 tablet. Funding from Marvell, finalized in May 2010, revitalized the foundation and enabled the 1Q 2012 completion of the ARM-based XO-1.75 laptops and initial prototypes of the XO-3 tablets. OLPC is now taking orders for mass production of the XO-1.75, and has shipped over 2.5 million XO-1 and XO-1.5 laptops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「One Laptop per Child」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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