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The Independent Operational Purpose Division or ODON, formerly called OMSDON (aka ''Dzerzhinsky Division'') is a rapid deployment internal security division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and then the Russian Federation.〔http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/russia/mvd-su0537.htm〕 ODON (Russian:Одон) is an initialism for Отдельная дивизия оперативного назначения (English: Independent Operational Use Division). ==USSR== The precursor to the ODON was the ru:1st Automobile Fighting Detachment of the VTsIK which was created in February 1918. The detachment was tasked with guarding the members of the VTsIK and the Sovnarkom and providing them with passenger cars. After relocation of the government to Moscow in March 1918, it was assigned to guarding the Moscow Kremlin as the site of the government alongside the Red Latvian Riflemen, then the "Kremlin cadets". The detachment was renamed 1st Armored Car Detachment Ya. M. Sverdlov in 1919, and was transferred to VChK in 1921. At the peak of its strength, the detachment had over 400 troops. In April 1921, VChK created the OSNAZ battalion which consisted of 1st Armored Car Detachment, three rifle platoons, a cavalry squadron, and various auxiliary units, with a total strength of some 1,100 men. VChK became OGPU in 1922, and the OSNAZ was renamed accordingly. On 17 June 1924, the OSNAZ battalion, an OGPU rifle battalion and an OGPU rifle regiments formed the Special-Purpose Division (DON) of the OGPU Troops. The DON included 4 rifle regiments with an Armored Car detachment. In August 1926, the division was renamed Special-Purpose Division F. E. Dzerzhinsky of the OGPU Troops. Throughout 1926, one more regiment and five more battalions joined the DON, raising its total strength to some 4,500 troops. In 1929, the DON was reorganized as a full army division. In 1931, the Armoured Car detachment was reorganized into an armoured regiment. In 1934, OGPU was transferred to the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (the NKVD). The division fought on the front lines of the Winter War against free Finland. With the onset of World War II, parts of the division participated in the defense of Moscow, the remaining unit guarded particularly important inhalations of the capital, patrolled the streets, and were involved in efforts to liquidate enemy infiltrator groups near the front and in the city. Along with participation in hostilities, division elements in Moscow detained 485 enemy intelligence agents, 69753 deserters, over 320,000 offenders of the established regime. On 07.11.1941, the division took part in the military parade in Moscow's Red Square. In the battle against German troops, the snipers of the 4 Cavalry Regiment (later four motorized infantry) distinguished themselves. On the first deployment of the two sniper Regiments in 1942, they killed 853 German soldiers and officers. In total, in 1942 sniper division has killed 6440 German soldiers and officers. The OMSDON units surrounded the Allied leaders during the Yalta conference. In preparation for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, an elite group of OMSDON troops was trained with special forces tactics; the core of this group later became the Vytyaz unit. The final USSR designation of the division was OMSDON (Independent Special-Purpose Motorized Rifle Division of the Internal Troops of the MVD of the Soviet Union "F. E. Dzerzhinsky", (ロシア語:ОМСДОН, Отдельная мотострелковая дивизия особого назначения ВВ МВД им. Ф.Е.Дзержинского)). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ODON」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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