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Organic field-effect transistor
An organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is a field-effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel. OFETs can be prepared either by vacuum evaporation of small molecules, by solution-casting of polymers or small molecules, or by mechanical transfer of a peeled single-crystalline organic layer onto a substrate. These devices have been developed to realize low-cost, large-area electronic products and biodegradable electronics. OFETs have been fabricated with various device geometries. The most commonly used device geometry is bottom gate with top drain and source electrodes, because this geometry is similar to the thin-film silicon transistor (TFT) using thermally grown SiO2 as gate dielectric. Organic polymers, such as poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), can also be used as dielectric.
In May 2007, Sony reported the first full-color, video-rate, flexible, all plastic display,〔(プラスチックフィルム上の有機TFT駆動有機ELディスプレイで世界初のフルカラー表示を実現 ). sony.co.jp (in Japanese)〕〔(Flexible, full-color OLED display ). pinktentacle.com (2007-06-24).〕 in which both the thin-film transistors and the light-emitting pixels were made of organic materials.
==History of OFETs==
The field-effect transistor (FET) was first proposed by J.E. Lilienfeld, who received a patent for his idea in 1930.〔Lilienfeld, J.E. (1930-01-28). "Method and apparatus for controlling electric currents"〕 He proposed that a field-effect transistor behaves as a capacitor with a conducting channel between a source and a drain electrode. Applied voltage on the gate electrode controls the amount of charge carriers flowing through the system.
The first field-effect transistor was designed and prepared in 1960 by Kahng and Atalla using a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOSFET). However, rising costs of materials and manufacturing, as well as public interest in more environmentally friendly electronics materials have supported development of organic based electronics in more recent years. In 1987, Koezuka and co-workers reported the first organic field-effect transistor based on a polymer of thiophene molecules. The thiophene polymer is a type of conjugated polymer that is able to conduct charge, eliminating the need to use expensive metal oxide semiconductors. Additionally, other conjugated polymers have been shown to have semiconducting properties. OFET design has also improved in the past few decades. Many OFETs are now designed based on the thin-film transistor (TFT) model, which allows the devices to use less conductive materials in their design. Improvement on these models in the past few years have been made to field-effect mobility and on–off current ratios.
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