| 翻訳と辞書 |
Oboi
Gūwalgiya Oboi (Manchu: ᡤᡡᠸᠠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᡳ; ) (c. 1610〔Oboi's birthday is historically undocumented, but based on circumstantial evidence historians generally estimate his birth year to be within a few years after 1610.〕–1669) was a highly decorated Manchu military commander and courtier who served in various military and administrative posts under three successive emperors of the early Qing Dynasty. He was one of four regents nominated by the Shunzhi Emperor to oversee the government during the Kangxi Emperor's minority. Eventually deposed and imprisoned by the new emperor for having amassed too much power, he was posthumously rehabilitated.
==Early life and military career==
Oboi was born to a distinguished military family of the Manchu Guwalgiya clan. Under the Manchu Banner organization created by Nurhachi, Oboi's branch of the family was registered under the Bordered Yellow division which came under the command of Nurhachi's son Hong Taiji. Oboi's father Uici (衛齊) (d. 1634) was a senior military officer who was once garrison commander of the Manchu capital city Mukden while his paternal uncle Fiongdon (费英東) was one of Nurhachi's most trusted generals. Oboi's childhood and early years are relatively obscure. Being his father's third son, he was not destined to inherit the family's hereditary seat in the Banner hierarchy. Oboi was first mentioned in official Qing history in the ''Chronicles of Hong Taiji'' (清太宗实录) in 1632, documenting his triumphant return from a minor raid into Ming territories in which he was allowed to keep his spoils as reward.
Oboi officially started his military career in 1634 during the reign of Hong Taiji as a junior officer in the Banner's cavalry guard unit〔Official Qing Court History, Chronicles Volume 36 - The Chronicles of Oboi (清史稿.列传三十六.鳌拜列传). Oboi's initial post was a lieutenant (Manchu: ''juwan-i da''; Chinese: 壯達) in the Banner guard unit (Manchu: ''Bayarai''; Chinese: 巴牙喇). The ''Bayarais'' were hand-picked elite cavalry units within a Manchu Banner army that served both as camp guard and tactical reserve. In battle they were usually tasked with difficult missions independent of the main battle formation.〕 in which capacity he distinguished himself many times in battle against Ming forces and was renowned for his personal bravery. For this, he was granted an hereditary commission as captain of a company (''niru i janggin''). In 1637 during the Manchus' second campaign against Korea, Oboi volunteered and succeeded in capturing a small but strategically important Pi Island〔Ka-Do in present day North Korea.〕 (皮岛) south of the Yalu River after a difficult amphibious landing followed by desperate hand-to-hand battle ending in the complete annihilation of the Ming garrison. For this achievement he was promoted to the rank of a hereditary colonel third-class and bestowed the rare honorific title of "Baturu" (巴图鲁), which means "(brave) warrior" in Manchu.〔The Manchu term "Baturu" was derived from the Mongol term "Bahadur" which translates to mean a warrior, knight or a great hero.〕 In 1641 Oboi again distinguished himself in battle scoring five victories in as many encounters against Ming forces in the campaign for Songshan (松山). He was promoted to full Colonel and given command of the ''Bayarai'' guards of the Bordered Yellow Banner. Oboi's rise in the Banner hierarchy continued apace with the Manchus' war with the Ming Dynasty. In 1645 he was promoted to the rank of General. It was recorded in official Qing history that in 1646 during the campaign to pacify Sichuan, Oboi was personally responsible for slaying the rebel chief Zhang Xianzhong in battle.〔Qing History, Chronicles of Shunzhi Vol.1 (清史稿.本紀四.世祖本紀一) "順治三年十一月己巳,豪格師至南部,時張獻忠列寨西充,鰲拜等兼程進擊,大破之,斬獻忠於陣,復分兵擊餘賊,破一百三十餘營,四川平。") "In the eleventh month of the third year of Shunzhi's reign, Hooge's divisions reached the southern regions (of China), when ''Zhang Xianzhong'' was encamped to the west, Oboi etc. advanced to attack, routed (the rebels), slain ''Xianzhong'' upon the battlefield, (they) then divided up forces to eradicate the remaining rebels, overran in excess of 130 (enemy) camps, Sichuan was thus pacified."〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Oboi」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|