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Obrazovanshchina ((ロシア語:образованщина), "educationdom", "educaties",〔''Note:'' 'образован-' + '-щина': a noun derived from 'образование', education with suffix '-щина', similar in funcions with English suffixes such as -ism, -ness, -dom, -ing〕 "smatterers") is a Russian ironical, derogatory term for a category of people with superficial education without higher ethics of an educated person.〔Geoffrey A. Hosking, "The First Socialist Society: A History of the Soviet Union from Within", 1993, ISBN 0674304438, (p. 403 )〕 The term was introduced by Alexander Solzhenitsyn as a criticism of the transformation of the Russian intelligentsia, which, in his opinion had lost high ethical values, in his 1974 essay ''Obrazovanshchina'' (translated as ''The Smatterers'').〔(ОБРАЗОВАНЩИНА ), ''Obrazovanshchina'' essay at Solzhenitsin's official website (retrieved February 15, 2014)〕 The essay and the term caused criticism from liberal intelligentsia, such as a long-time Solzhenitsyn's opponent Grigory Pomerants〔Григорий Померанц. (Сон о справедливом возмездии (Мой затянувшийся спор) ), Синтаксис. Публицистика, критика, полемика. — Париж, 1980, no. 6, pp. 13—87〕 and , and was among the reasons of the bitter contention between Solzhenitsyn and the Russian "third wave" of emigration (of dissidents).〔("Russian Intellectuals, the Hand that Feeds Them" ), ''The Economist'' editorial, August 7, 2008 (retrieved February 18, 2014)〕 In Poland, a country which shares the concept of "intelligentsia" with Russia, a similar term, ''wykształciuchy'' is used.〔Tomasz Zarycki, ("On the Contemporary Polish Perception of Russian Intelligentsia" ), in: ''Europe-Russia: Contexts, Discourses, Images'', Rīga: LU DZSC - LEVIRA, pp. 130-141.〕〔("Dumny sztandar wykształciucha" )〕 Solzhenitsyn defines ''obrazovanshchina'' as the category of people who self-refer to themselves as "intelligentsia" solely on the basis of having a higher than middle education. Solzhenitsyn explains the selection of the term by reference to Vladimir Dahl's dictionary, which distinguished the terms ''образовать'' (to educate) and просвещать (to enlighten), the former concept having a superficial character, "external gloss".〔 A similar criticism of Russian intelligentsia came from Nikolai Berdyaev, who coined the ironic word ''intelligentshchina'' for the part of intelligentia locked in their own world, isolated from the rest of the Russian society.〔Н. А. Бердяев. Философская истина и интеллигентская правда. Статья опубликована в книге: "Вехи. Сборник статей о русской интеллигенции", Москва, 1909 год, http://www.yabloko.ru/Themes/History/berd-2.html〕 ==See also== *Egghead, a derogatory term criticizing other aspects of educated people 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Obrazovanshchina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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