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Ocarina
The ocarina or is an ancient wind musical instrument—a type of vessel flute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 History of the Ocarina )〕 Variations exist, but a typical ocarina is an enclosed space with four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the body. It is traditionally made from clay or ceramic, but other materials are also used—such as plastic, wood, glass, metal, or bone. An example of an ocarina made of an animal horn is the medieval German gemshorn.
==History==
The ocarina belongs to a very old family of instruments, believed to date back over 12,000 years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Ocarina )〕 Ocarina-type instruments have been of particular importance in Chinese and Mesoamerican cultures. For the Chinese, the instrument played an important role in their long history of song and dance. The ocarina has similar features to the Xun (塤), another important Chinese instrument (but is different in that Ocarina uses an internal duct, whereas Xun is blown across the outer edge).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Chinese Xun )〕 In Japan, the traditional ocarina is known as the ''tsuchibue'' (kanji: 土笛; literally "earthen flute"). Different expeditions to Mesoamerica, including the one conducted by Cortés, resulted in the introduction of the ocarina to the courts of Europe. Both the Mayans and Aztecs produced versions of the ocarina, but it was the Aztecs who brought Europe the song and dance that accompanied the ocarina. The ocarina went on to become popular in European communities as a toy instrument.〔
The modern European ocarina dates back to the 19th century, when Giuseppe Donati from Budrio, a town near Bologna, Italy transformed the ocarina from a toy, which only played a few notes, into a more comprehensive instrument (known as the first "classical" ocarinas). The word ''ocarina'' in the Bolognese dialect of the Emiliano-Romagnolo language means "little goose." The earlier form was known in Europe as a gemshorn, which was made from animal horns of the chamois ((オランダ語:gems)).
In 1998, the ocarina was featured in the Nintendo 64 video game ''The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time'', attracting a marked increase in interest and a dramatic rise in sales of the instrument. It was also featured later in other games in the ''The Legend of Zelda'' series.〔 György Ligeti called for four ocarinas (to be performed by woodwind players doubling their own instruments) in his Violin Concerto.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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