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Ofra () is an Israeli settlement located in the northern West Bank in the jurisdiction of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. It is situated on the main road between Jerusalem and Nablus (Route 60) and has 3,200 inhabitants (2010). The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. According to human rights organization B'Tselem, the state of Israel itself has argued that much of Ofra is built on privately owned Palestinian land, making it also unlawful according to Israeli law.〔('HCJ to state: Demolish nine structures in the settlement of Ofra,' ) B'tselem 9 February 2015:'Unlike in other cases concerning illegal Israeli construction on Palestinian land in the West Bank, the state claimed in this petition that due to “special circumstances”, the usual priorities for enforcement of planning and building laws did not apply in this case. The “special circumstances”, the state explained, were that most structures in Ofra had been unlawfully erected on privately-owned Palestinian land, i.e. their status was almost identical to that of the nine structures under examination. The state’s problematic argument was that as almost the entire settlement of Ofra had been built on privately-owned Palestinian land, there was no justification to demolish those particular nine structures – although they were new and the petition was filed before they were completed.'〕 ==History== Ofra's establishment in April/May〔Jonathan Franke, ''Jews and Messianism in the Modern Era: Metaphor and Meaning,'' Oxford University Press 1991 p.204.〕 1975 was part of a struggle between the Gush Emunim settlement movement, which was founded in February 1974, and the Israeli Labor government, which opposed Israeli settlement amid densely populated Palestinian areas.〔 The name was taken for its biblical aura from a town mentioned in the Book of Joshua: Joshua 18:23.〔Gershom Gorenberg, 'The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977, Henry Holt & Co., 2006 p.312-318〕 The establishing group from ''Gush Emunim'' first obtained jobs at a nearby military base on Mount Ba'al Hatzor. They established a work camp in the abandoned barracks of a Jordanian army base. They then brought in their families and raised an Israeli flag. Though opposed by then Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Ofra was given political backing by Shimon Peres, then defense minister in Rabin's government, and by his settlement adviser Moshe Netzer.〔〔Akiva Eldar, (''Vice PM: Ofra settlement homes built on private Palestinian land'' ). Haaretz, 8 April 2008〕 After the Labour Party was defeated by the Likud Party in the 1977 Israeli election, the new government recognized Ofra as a community, paving the way for expansion into the surrounding hills. 〔Nir Shalev, (The Ofra Settlement - An unauthorized Outpost ). B’Tselem, December 2008. (Summary )〕 It was designed as an "island" for a selected homogenous population, where all members would share the same "ideological-social background."〔Gorenberg, ''The Accidental Empire,'' p.352.〕 Many institutions of the Jewish settlers in the West Bank were first located or established in Ofra, including the Yesha Council〔Ian S.Lustick, ''For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel,'' Council on Foreign Relations, 1988 p.57.〕 and the Nekuda monthly magazine, originally founded and edited by Israel Harel.〔John Wallach, Janet Wallach, ''Still small voices,'' Carol Pub. Group, 1990 p.113.〕〔David Landau,''Piety and power:the world of Jewish fundamentalism,'' Secker & Warburg, 1993 p.xiii 〕〔Jerold S. Auerbach,''Are We one? Jewish Identity in the United States,'' Rutgers University Press 2001 P.148〕 Several Ofra residents were killed by Palestinian militants during the Second Intifada.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ofra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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