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Ogrodzieniec ：ウィキペディア英語版

Ogrodzieniec

Ogrodzieniec is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,499 inhabitants (2004). It is noted for the extensive ruins of a medieval castle, damaged during the Swedish invasion of Poland (1655 - 1660).
Ogrodzieniec, which is part of Lesser Poland, received its Magdeburg rights town charter in 1386. Until the Partitions of Poland, it belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. After the January Uprising, Ogrodzieniec, like many other locations of Lesser Poland, lost its town charter (1870) and remained a village until 1973. Ogrodzieniec lies among the hills of Małopolska Upland, on the outskirts of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie. The town has an area of 28 km², and is located approximately 400 meters above sea level. In the south and west, Ogrodzieniec is surrounded by forests.
== History ==

The origins of the town date back to the 11th century. It was a forest settlement, with a wooden castle built along the border of Lesser Poland and Silesia. In 1241, during Mongol invasion of Poland, the village and the castle were burned, and afterwards, a new, stone castle was built. Ogrodzieniec received its town charter in 1386. It was a local trade center, with merchants and artisans, many of them Jewish. Furthermore, enormous forests attracted noble hunters, including Polish kings. In 1346, Ogrodzieniec Roman Catholic parish church was first mentioned. In the mid-16th century, it was turned into a Calvinist prayer house, and remained so until circa 1630, when it was returned to the Catholics. In the first half of the 18th century, a new, stone church was built, but it was not completed until 1787.
Until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), Ogrodzieniec belonged to Kraków Voivodeship. After the third partition, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and belonged to New Silesia. Since 1815, it belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland, and in 1888, when already a village, Ogrodzieniec had 162 houses (most of them wooden), with app. 1,000 inhabitants. In the Second Polish Republic, Ogrodzieniec belonged to Kielce Voivodeship, and in 1939, the village was annexed directly into the Third Reich. German occupiers planned to change its name into ''Bonerburg''. After the war, until 1956, Ogrodzieniec belonged to Olkusz County of Kraków Voivodeship, then it was moved to Zawiercie County.

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