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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Olation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Olation In inorganic chemistry, olation is the process by which metal ions form polymeric oxides in aqueous solution.〔Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.〕 The phenomenon is important to understand the relationship between metal ions in aqueous solution and metal oxides, which are represented by many minerals. At low pH, many metal ions exist in aqueous solution as aqua coordination complexes, often with the formula ()3+.〔Helm, L. and Merbach, A. E., "Inorganic and Bioinorganic Solvent Exchange Mechanisms", Chem. Rev., 2005, 105, 1923-1959..〕 As the pH increases, one O-H bond ionizes to give the hydroxide complex, the conjugate base of the parent hexaaqua complex: :()3+ $\backslash overrightarrow$ ()2+ + H+ The hydroxo complex is poised to undergo olation, which is initiated by displacement of one water by a neighboring complex: :()2+ + ()3+ $\backslash overrightarrow$ 5+ + H2O In this product, the hydroxide ligand bridges between the two metals, this bridge is denoted with the symbol μ. In the resulting 5+ ion, the remaining water and hydroxo ligands are highly acidic and the ionization and condensation processes can continue at still higher pHs. The formation of the oxo-dimer is a process called “oxolation,” although sometimes olation and oxolation are not distinguished: :5+ $\backslash overrightarrow$ 4+ + H+ Ultimately one observes the formation of the metal oxide: :2 ()3+ $\backslash overrightarrow$ M2O3 + 9 H2O + 6 H+ Olation and oxolation are responsible for the formation of many natural and synthetic materials. Such materials are usually insoluble polymers, but some, the polyoxometallates, are discrete and molecular. ==Olation and leather tanning== One application where olation is important is leather tanning using chromium(III) sulfate. This salt dissolves to give hexaaquachromium(III) cation, ()3+ and sulfate anions. ()3+ acts as an acid according to the reaction:〔Schlesinger, M.; Paunovic, M.; Modern Electroplating. Wiley-Interscience, 4th ed. 2000, 209-212.〕 :()3+ $\backslash overrightarrow$ ()2+ + H+; Keq ~ 10−4 M Thus, higher pH favors ()2+. This hydroxy complex can undergo olation:〔M. Thompson, R. E. Connick "Hydrolytic polymerization of chromium(III). 1. Two dimeric species" Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 2279-2285. 〕 :()3+ + ()2+ → ()5+ + H2O :2()2+ → ()4+ + 2 H2O The "diol" (second reaction) is favored and is accelerated by heat and high pH. The balance of these two factors, temperature and pH of the solution, along with the concentration of chromium(III), influence the continued polymerization of ()4+.〔Schlesinger, M.; Paunovic, M.; Modern Electroplating. Wiley-Interscience, 4th ed. 2000, 209-212.〕 The chromium(III) hydroxide is susceptible to oxolation: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.