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Ollantaytambo is a town and an Inca archaeological site in southern Peru some 60 kilometers northwest of the city of Cusco. It is located at an altitude of 2,792 meters (9,160 feet) above sea level in the district of Ollantaytambo, province of Urubamba, Cusco region. During the Inca Empire, Ollantaytambo was the royal estate of Emperor Pachacuti who conquered the region,〔de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, ISBN 9781463688653〕 built the town and a ceremonial center. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru it served as a stronghold for Manco Inca Yupanqui, leader of the Inca resistance. Nowadays it is an important tourist attraction on account of its Inca buildings and as one of the most common starting points for the four-day, three-night hike known as the Inca Trail. == History == Around the mid-15th century, the Inca emperor Pachacuti conquered and razed Ollantaytambo; the town and the nearby region were incorporated into his personal estate.〔Protzen, ''Inca architecture'', p. 19.〕 The emperor rebuilt the town with sumptuous constructions and undertook extensive works of terracing and irrigation in the Urubamba Valley; the town provided lodging for the Inca nobility while the terraces were farmed by ''yanakuna'', retainers of the emperor.〔Protzen, ''Inca architecture'', p. 64.〕 After Pachacuti's death, the estate came under the administration of his ''panaqa'', his family clan.〔Protzen, ''Inca architecture'', p. 27.〕 During the Spanish conquest of Peru Ollantaytambo served as a temporary capital for Manco Inca, leader of the native resistance against the conquistadors. He fortified the town and its approaches in the direction of the former Inca capital of Cusco, which had fallen under Spanish domination.〔Protzen, ''Inca architecture'', p. 26.〕 In 1536, on the plain of Mascabamba, near Ollantaytambo, Manco Inca defeated a Spanish expedition, blocking their advance from a set of high terraces and flooding the plain.〔Protzen, ''Inca architecture'', p. 23.〕〔Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822321460〕 Despite his victory, however, Manco Inca did not consider his position tenable, so the following year he withdrew to the heavily forested site of Vilcabamba,〔Hemming, ''The conquest'', pp. 222–223.〕 where he established the Neo-Inca State. In 1540, the native population of Ollantaytambo was assigned in ''encomienda'' to Hernando Pizarro.〔Glave and Remy, ''Estructura agraria'', p. 6.〕 In the 19th century the Inca ruins at Ollantaytambo attracted the attention of several foreign explorers, among them, Clements Markham, Ephraim Squier, Charles Wiener and Ernst Middendorf published accounts of their findings.〔Hemming, ''The conquest'', pp. 559.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ollantaytambo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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