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Olya ((ロシア語:Оля)) is a rural locality (a ''selo'') in Limansky District of Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, on the shore of one of the largest branches of the Volga River, Bakhtemir, near the Caspian Sea about southwest of Astrakhan. It serves as a port on the Caspian Sea. In 2010 the settlement recorded 1372 farmsteads and 3752 residents. The port's cargo turnover was approximately 2.5 million tons as of 2006.〔(Порт Оля в Астраханской области сможет претендовать на статус ОЭЗ )〕 ==History== Olya is one of the oldest fishing villages in Astrakhan Oblast. The word ''Olya'', which is of Kalmyk origin, means ''small hatchet'' describing the shape of the island on which Olya was originally located. Other villages are also on the islands, to the south and west, all separated by small channels. ''Chanta''is two kilometers south while ''Karantina'' is three kilometers southwest. Olya was originally between the coast and the mouth of the Bakhtimir, but the sea and the river receded and eventually the small channels separating the villages silted up. Olya and villages around it gradually merged with each other, forming a locality on maps designated as the village of Olya. Local names for different parts of the village include Forest for the southern part and Korya in the southwest. The name Olya refers to the northern part of town, directly adjacent to Bakhtemir. The village has long been settled by legal and illegal fishermen. The main village of fishing families live in this area, close to rivers. In the west, near the village of Olga Basta is a Kalmyk. The first settlers were former prisoners Khans from Khiva and Bukhara in Central Asia. They were descendants of serfs landlord Durenova in Simbirsk, which were then in possession of a landowner, first Chubareva then Milashevoy. From the latter, they moved her to the closest relative, the rich Astrakhan fishermen Sapozhnikov and were brought to live in his castle estate on the lower Volga in the village: Harban Zhitnaya Sedlistoe etc. Before the revolution in the village, there were about 90 yards of buildings, many of which were made of wood. Ola hill (the fishermen call it more so) the front end of a promontory sticking out far in the pre-space. Often, strong wind from the sea skeletons flooded village. Since November 12, 1910, due to a hurricane with sea water has risen by 5 yards, 37 yards washed away, leaving only absolutely integral 8, killing all the equipment, property, livestock, there were casualties. Natural phenomena such residents were forced to move from its buildings back. Some transferred their home from one place up to 2-3 times. In the summer of 1941, the village consisted of Olga few short streets, clinging to the right bank Bakhtemir. To the south of the village, with Eric Chantinka, lay a small Kalmyk Korya Haughton, consisting of two streets, and "violent settlement" (several households). Now both the village merged into one. Old-timers - Galina and Michael Artemovich Konoplyuk remember: Not far from the marina, three hundred meters upstream Bakhtemir, and was tehuchastok. They pestered boats, ships with cargo ship repair was performed. On tehuchastke they were loaded with fish, melons, vegetables. From the same soldier sent from Olga, and nearby villages. The most severe was 1942 year. The aim of the Nazis was to capture Astrakhan and take over access to the Volga. They were eager to Astrakhan in the Kalmyk steppe. Olya village acquired strategic importance. Often with enemy aircraft dropped bombs along the Volga and the Ilmen Chad. The village was the most southern defensive lines at the output of the Caspian Sea. For this reason, in the summer 1942, the building housed St. Nicholas Church headquarters unit anti-aircraft gunner, which consisted mainly of girls 18–22 years old. At the site of today's park were dug trenches and depressions, which were masked artillery. Of these, anti-aircraft gunner fired at the aircraft overflying enemy. After the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad, anti-aircraft gunner sent to the front. In early autumn, 1942, to the landing-stage moored barge with the soldiers, among whom were Olinsky. It was still quite warm, but the soldiers were dressed in overcoats, boots and armed with rifles. Without stopping, they headed towards the village of gouge (now Lyman). Exacerbate the situation in the desert gang who attacked convoys of civilians and poisoned water wells in the steppe. Around November 1942, the barge arrived in the village of cavalry corps. The main objective of all residents, not gone to the front, was supplying troops with food and clothing. All the work was on the shoulders of women. In agriculture, employed over 700 people. Women worked at rybodobyche. Mastered the cultivation and rice, and cotton. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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