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Olympias
Olympias ((ギリシア語:Ὀλυμπιάς), , c. 375–316 BC〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Olympias Queen of Macedonia )〕) was a daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus, the fourth wife of the king of Macedonia, Philip II, and mother of Alexander the Great. She was a devout member of the orgiastic snake-worshiping cult of Dionysus, and it is suggested by the 1st century AD biographer, Plutarch, that she may have slept with snakes.〔"The nonsense about the snakes" is from Plutarch's ''Life of Alexander'' (2.6), according to Robin Lane Fox, ''Alexander the Great'' 1973:26 and note p. 504; Fox suggests that the snake-handling was the ''stuprum'' referred to by Justin9.5.9.〕
==Origin==
Olympias was the daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe in Epirus, and sister of Alexander I. Her family belonged to the Aeacidae, a well-respected family of Epirus, which claimed descent from Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. Apparently, she was originally named Polyxena, as Plutarch mentions in his work ''Moralia'', and changed her name to Myrtale prior to her marriage to Philip II of Macedon as part of her initiation into an unknown mystery cult.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Review of Elizabeth Carney's ''Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great'' by Michael D. Dixon )〕
The name ''Olympias'' was the third of four names by which she was known. She probably took it as a recognition of Philip's victory in the Olympic Games of 356 BC, the news of which coincided with Alexander's birth (Plut. Alexander 3.8). She was finally named Stratonice, which was probably an epithet attached to Olympias following her victory over Eurydice in 317 BC.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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