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Omertà
Omertà ((:omerˈta))〔The grave accent in Italian, Sicilian and Corsica indicates that the final is stressed. In English, it is often spelled ''omerta'', without an accent, and pronounced with misplaced stress as () rather than ().〕 is a cultural expression and code of honor that places legitimate importance on a deep-rooted family sense of a code of silence, non-cooperation with authorities, and non-interference in the legal actions of others. It originated and remains common in Corsica, Sardinia and Southern Italy, where the Sicilian Mafia and Mafia-type criminal organizations such as the 'Ndrangheta, Sacra Corona Unita, and Camorra are strong.
It also exists, to a lesser extent, in certain Italian-American neighborhoods where the Italian-American Mafia has influence—and Italian ethnic enclaves in countries such as Germany, Canada, and Australia, where Italian organized crime exists. Retaliation against informers is common in criminal circles, where informers are known as "rats" or "snitches".
==The code==
Omertà implies "...the categorical prohibition of cooperation with state authorities or reliance on its services, even when one has been victim of a crime."〔Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', p. 109〕 A person should absolutely avoid interfering in the business of others and should not inform the authorities of a crime under any circumstances (though if justified he may personally avenge a physical attack on himself or on his family by vendetta, literally a taking of revenge, a feud). Even if somebody is convicted of a crime he has not committed, he is supposed to serve the sentence without giving the police any information about the real criminal, even if that criminal has nothing to do with the Mafia. Within Mafia culture, breaking ''omertà'' is punishable by death.〔
Sicilians adopted the code long before the emergence of Cosa Nostra, and it may have been heavily influenced by centuries of state oppression and foreign colonization. It has been observed at least as far as back as the 16th century as a way of opposing Spanish rule.〔(knowital.com )〕 It is also deeply rooted in rural Crete, Greece.〔Michael Herzfeld, (The Body Impolitic: Artisans and Artifice in the Global Hierarchy of Value ), Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004; ISBN 0-226-32913-5]〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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