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:''For the city in Sicily, formerly called Omphale, see Daedalium.'' In Greek mythology, Omphale () was a daughter of Iardanus, either a king of Lydia, or a river-god. Omphale was queen of the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor; according to ''Bibliotheke''〔''Bibliotheke'' surviving in a first or second-century A.D. edition, is traditionally ascribed to Apollodorus of Athens.〕 she was the wife of Tmolus, the oak-clad mountain king of Lydia; after he was gored to death by a bull, she continued to reign on her own. Diodorus Siculus provides the first appearance of the Omphale theme in literature, though Aeschylus was aware of the episode.〔Aeschylus, ''Agamemnon'' 1024-25.〕 The Greeks did not recognize her as a goddess: the undisputed etymological connection with ''omphalos'', the world-navel, has never been made clear.〔"No connection between the two has been established, difficult as it is to believe there was no connection between them in early religion." (Elmer G. Suhr, "Herakles and Omphale" ''American Journal of Archaeology'' 57.4 (October 1953, pp. 251-263) p. 259f.〕 In her best-known myth, she is the mistress of the hero Heracles during a year of required servitude, a scenario that offered writers and artists opportunities to explore sexual roles and erotic themes. ==Heracles and Omphale== In one of many Greek variations on the theme of penalty for "inadvertent" murder, for his murder of Iphitus, the great hero Heracles, whom the Romans identified as Hercules, was, by the command of the Delphic Oracle Xenoclea, remanded as a slave to Omphale for the period of a year,〔Sophocles, ''The Trachiniae'' 69ff.〕 the compensation to be paid to Eurytus, who refused it.〔According to Diodorus, his sons accepted it.〕 The theme, inherently a comic inversion of sexual roles, is not fully illustrated in any surviving text from Classical Greece. Plutarch, in his ''vita'' of Pericles, 24, mentions lost comedies of Kratinos and Eupolis, which alluded to the contemporary capacity of Aspasia in the household of Pericles,〔(Suhr 1953:251 note). There was also an ''Omphale Satyroi'' (a satyr-play) by the tragedian Ion (Snell, ''Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta'' Vol. 1, pp. 101ff.).〕 and to Sophocles in ''The Trachiniae'' 〔 252 He says he spent a year of thraldom there slaving for the barbarian Omphale.〕 it was shameful for Heracles to serve an Oriental woman in this fashion,〔Lucian (''Dialogues of the Gods'') and Tertullian (''De pallio'' 4) both allude to the disgrace.〕 but there are many late Hellenistic and Roman references in texts and art to Heracles being forced to do women's work and even wear women's clothing and hold a basket of wool while Omphale and her maidens did their spinning.〔 .〕 Omphale even wore the skin of the Nemean Lion and carried Heracles' olive-wood club. Unfortunately no full early account survives, to supplement the later vase-paintings. But it was also during his stay in Lydia that Heracles captured the city of the Itones and enslaved them, killed Syleus who forced passersby to hoe his vineyard, and captured the Cercopes. He buried the body of Icarus and took part in the Calydonian Boar Hunt and the Argonautica. After some time, Omphale freed Heracles and took him as her husband. They travelled to the grove of Bacchus and planned to celebrate the rites of Bacchus at dawn. Hercules slept alone in a bed covered with the clothes of Omphale. The Roman god Faunus hoped to have his way with Omphale and crept naked into the bed of Hercules who threw Faunus to the floor and laughed.〔''Fasti'' 2.303-62.〕〔Confessio Amantis5.6807-6960〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Omphale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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