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''Omphalotus'' is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom formally circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional cap and stem toadstool form. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)''. Species of ''Omphalotus'' have been mistaken for chanterelles. All ''Omphalotus'' species are presumed poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some ''Omphalotus'' species have bioluminescent properties.〔 ==Taxonomy== Victor Fayod originally erected the genus with ''Pleurotus olearius'' and ''P. eryngii'' as its principal species in 1889, placing it in a ''tribus'' ("alliance") with the genera ''Pleurotus'' and ''Pleurotellus''.〔 The relationships of the genus have become clearer with genetic analysis. Rolf Singer placed it and the related ''Lampteromyces'' in the Boletales due to the presence of the pigment variegatic acid. More specifically the genera were placed in the family Paxillaceae. However, it was found that fungi of the genus ''Omphalotus'' break down lignin while those of the genus ''Paxillus'' break down cellulose.〔 Since then, the genera have been found to have a close relationship with the genus ''Nothopanus'', and the whole group to lie within the agaric family Marasmiaceae.〔 The group has been classified in their own family Omphalotaceae. The type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)'' from Europe. Another eight species have been described. The seven species examined genetically form two clades. One is an ''illudens'' clade containing ''(O. illudens)'' of Europe and North America, and ''(O. mexicanus)'' from Central America. The other is an ''olearius'' clade containing ''O. olearius'' and the tsukiyotake ''(O. japonicus)'' from eastern Asia as sister species, and the western jack-o'-lantern ''(O. olivascens)'' and ''(O. subilludens)''.〔 Since the phylogeny was published, ''Omphalotus flagelliformis'' has been described from Yunnan Province in China, which is related to ''O. mexicanus'' and ''O. illudens''.〔 The generic name ''Omphalotus'' is derived from the Byzantine Greek ὀμϕαλοειδής, meaning "navel".〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Omphalotus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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