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Odanad ((マラヤーラム語:ഓടനാട്), ''ōṭānāṭŭ'', also known as Onattukara, Onad, Kayamkulam, Kallikoilon and Chirava Svaroopam) was a feudal state in late medieval Kerala. It was established in the 11th century,〔 and disestablished in 1746 when it became part of Travancore after Venad King Marthanda Varma's northern expedition. At the time of its dissolution, it was composed of the present-day taluks of Mavelikkara, Karthikapally, Chenganur in the Alappuzha district and Karunagapally in the Kollam district.〔 In the 15th century, the capital of Odanad was moved from Kandiyoor-Mattom, Mavelikkara to Eruva and Krishnapuram, near Kayamkulam, which led to the state being called ''Kayamkulam''. After this shift, Kayamkulam became the commercial capital of Onattukara, while Mavelikkara remained the cultural capital. Odanad was controlled by Nair lords, among whom the ruler of Kayamkulam was the most prominent. Today, the region is better known as Onattukara, the name used for one of the many revenue villages included in the Mavelikkara taluk. The Sri Krishna Swamy Temple in Eruva, located two kilometres north of Kayamkulam, is one of the prominent establishments in Onattukara. ==Etymology== The word ''Odanad'' is a transliteration of the Malayalam word ''ഓടനാട്'', ''ōṭānāṭŭ'', which is a portmanteau of ''ഓട'', ''ōṭā'', meaning ''boat'', and ''നാട്'', ''nāṭŭ'', meaning ''land'', so ''Odanad'' means the ''land of boats''. An alternative hypothesis is that the first part of the word derives from ''ഓടമുള'', ''ōṭāmuḷa'', meaning ''bamboo'', and that ''Odanad'' means the ''land of bamboo''.〔 Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran's Sanskrit work ''Mayura Sandesam'' describes Odanad as the ''land of vines''. Mavelikkara, the capital of Odanad, is associated with Maveli, the central figure in the festival of Onam.〔 The state was hence known as Onattukara (ഓണാട്ടുകര, ''ōṇāṭṭukara''), which translates to the ''land of Onam''. The state was metonymically referred to as ''Kayamkulam'' after the capital was moved to the city of Kayamkulam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Odanad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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