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The one child policy, a part of the family planning policy,〔.〕 was a population control policy of China which was introduced between 1978 and 1980〔〔〔 and began to be formally phased out in 2015.〔〔 The policy allowed many exceptions and ethnic minorities were exempt. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one-child restriction. An additional 53% were allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl.〔 The policy was enforced at the provincial level through fines that were imposed based on the income of the family and other factors. "Population and Family Planning Commissions" exist at every level of government to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work. The policy was introduced in 1978 and enacted/implemented as a temporary measure〔.〕 on September 18, 1980〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2011/10/27/chinas_touting_of_1_child_rules_draws_challenges/ )〕 to curb a then-surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources〔 as well as to alleviate social, economic and environmental problems in China. Demographers are not clear how much reduction happened solely because of the policy.〔〔 The Chinese government says that 400 million births were prevented〔.〕 although the validity of this claim is in doubt. A report in Newsweek, for example, questions the cause/effect claimed by China: "...some demographers claim China’s population growth would have flattened out even without it—the draconian rule left emotional, social and economic scars the country and its citizens will be dealing with for years."〔 On the other hand, the approval rating of the policy in Pew data for 2008 was 76%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=http://www.pewglobal.org/2008/07/22/the-chinese-celebrate-their-roaring-economy-as-they-struggle-with-its-costs/ )〕 A 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the Chinese population supported the policy; however, it is controversial outside China for many reasons, including accusations of human rights abuses in the implementation of the policy, as well as concerns about negative social consequences. On 29 October 2015, Xinhua, China's state news agency, reported a change in the existing law to a two-child policy, citing a statement from the Communist Party of China,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China to end one-child policy and allow two )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= China to allow two children for all couples )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 'model' example of China's one child policy )〕 however it would take effect only when it is ratified in the annual session of National People's Congress in March 2016.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= China denies immediate validity of two-child policy )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China On New Two-Child Policy: Not So Fast )〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「One-child policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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