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is a traditional Japanese esoteric cosmology, a mixture of natural science and occultism. It is based on the Chinese philosophies of Wu Xing (five elements) and Yin and yang, introduced into Japan at the beginning of the 6th century. It was accepted as a practical system of divination. These practices were influenced further by Taoism, Buddhism and Shintoism, and evolved into the system of ''onmyōdō'' around the late 7th century. ''Onmyōdō'' was under the control of the imperial government, and later its courtiers, the Tsuchimikado family until the middle of the 19th century, at which point it became prohibited as superstition. ==Development== In the 5th and 6th centuries, the principles of yin-yang and the Five Elements were transmitted to Japan from China along with Buddhism and Confucianism. Yin-yang and the Five Elements, as well as the divisions of learning to which they were linked – astronomy, calendar-making, the reckoning of time, divination, and studies based on observation of nature – were amalgamated into fortune telling. This process of judging auspicious or harmful signs present in the natural world was accepted into Japanese society as a technique for predicting good or bad fortune in the human world. Such techniques were known mostly by Buddhist monks from mainland Asia who were knowledgeable in reading and writing Chinese. Over time demand from members of the imperial court who believed that ''onmyōdō'' divination would be helpful in decision-making made it necessary for the laity to perform the art, and ''onmyōji'' began to appear around the middle of the 7th century. With the implementation of the ''ritsuryo'' system law codes in the 7th and 8th centuries, yin-yang techniques were put under the jurisdiction of the in the ''Nakatsukasa-shō'' of the Imperial bureaucracy. The Bureau of ''Onmyō'' was responsible for overseeing the divinations of ''Onmyōdō'', astrological observations, and the creation of calendars. Also, by law the Buddhist clergy was forbidden to practice astrology and fortune-telling; hence, government-controlled onmyōji came to monopolize the practice. From the Heian period onward, as the ''ritsuryo'' system relaxed and the Fujiwara family rose to power, the society of the Imperial court took on a more formal shape, and adherence to to combat the creation of burgeoned. Because onmyōji displayed methods that were believed to avert disasters with their skills of divination and magic, the practice afforded ''onmyōji'' influence over the personal lives of the Emperor and the nobility of the court. Consequently, popular awareness of ''onmyōdō'' gradually spread from court society to Japanese society as a whole, strengthening its development into a characteristically Japanese art. ''Onmyōdō'' merged with other beliefs and occultism, and evolved from imported Chinese thought into a syncretism found only in Japan. Japanese ''onmyōdō'' took in elements from , which was transmitted to Japan at the same time as ''onmyōdō'', including magical elements such as ''katatagae'', ''monoimi'', ''henbai'', and ceremonies to Taoistic gods such as the Taizan Fukunsai. Elements of ''feng shui'' and the medical art of ''jukondō'' were incorporated as well, and as ''onmyōdō'' and Japanese Shinto mutually influenced each other, ''onmyōdō'' grew more distinctive. From the end of the 8th century onward, it was influenced by the magical elements of esoteric Buddhism and the Indian-derived astrology (''Sukuyōdō'') that were transmitted with it. During the Heian period the nobility organized their lives around practices recommended by ''onmyōji''. The practice of "lucky and unlucky directions" provides an example. Depending on the season, time of day, and other circumstances, a particular direction might be bad luck for an individual. If one's house was located in that direction, such an individual was advised not to go back directly to his house but had to "change direction" (''katatagae''), by going in a different direction and lodging there. Such a person would not dare to go in the forbidden direction, but stayed where they were, even if that resulted in absence from the court, or passing up invitations from influential people. In the 10th century Kamo no Tadayuki and his son Kamo no Yasunori made great advancements in ''onmyōdō'', astronomy and calendar science, and from among their students emerged Abe no Seimei, who displayed superior skills in the divining arts of ''onmyōdō'', by which he gained an uncommon amount of trust from the court society. Tadayuki and Yasunori passed on their skills in astronomy to Seimei while their advances in calendar-making went to Yasunori's son. From the end of the Heian period into the Middle Ages, astronomy and calendar science were completely subsumed into ''onmyōdō'', and the Abe and Kamo families came to dominate the art. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Onmyōdō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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